Influence of Individual Phospholipids on the Physical Properties of Oil‐Based Suspensions

2021

Foods

Fat bloom is an outstanding quality defect especially in filled chocolate, which usually comprises oils of different origins and with different physical properties. Dark chocolate pralines filled with nougat contain a significant amount of hazelnut oil in their center and have been reported as being notably susceptible to oil migration. The current study was designed to test the assumption that a targeted crystallization of nougat with cocoa butter seed crystals is an appropriate technological tool to reduce filling oil transfer to the outside of the praline and, hence, to counteract chocolate shell weakening and the development of fat bloom. For this purpose, the hardness of nougat/chocolate layer models and the thermal properties of chocolate on top of nougat were analyzed during storage at 23 °C for up to 84 days. Pronounced differences between layer models with seeded nougat and with control nougat that was traditionally tempered were observed. The facts that chocolate hardness increased rather than decreased during storage, that the cocoa butter melting peak was shifted towards a lower temperature, and that the hazelnut oil content in the chocolate was reduced can be taken as explicit indicators for the contribution of seeded nougat to the fat bloom stability of filled chocolate.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Crystallization of Nougat by Seeding with Cocoa Butter Crystals Enhances the Bloom Stability of Nougat Pralines

Böhme

Bickhardt

2021

Foods

“…lamellar structure linked to phosphatidylcholine and reversed hexagonal structure linked with phosphatidylethanolamine). The interactions between these fractions contribute to emulsifying properties and are responsible for synergistic or antagonistic effects that are found in phospholipid mixtures (Van Nieuwenhuyzen & Szuhaj, 1998;Wu & Wang, 2003;Arnold et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of emulsifier type on physicochemical properties of water‐in‐oil emulsions for confectionery applications

Rivas

Schneider

2016

Int J of Food Sci Tech

Summary In a first step of designing tailored confectionery masses using water‐in‐oil emulsions, a parameter screening on emulsion rheology and stability was carried out. The experimental set‐up included cocoa butter as continuous phase and the variation of the disperse phase (water, or 50% sucrose in water), two volume fraction levels and the type of emulsifier (lecithin, polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR), ammonium phosphatide (YN) and blends of lecithin or YN with PGPR). Emulsions were characterised by microscopy, laser diffraction, analytical centrifugation and shear rheology. Results show multimodal droplet size distributions in lecithin‐ or YN‐stabilised emulsions, and droplets which tend to form aggregates and an internal network responsible for shear thinning. PGPR emulsions are characterised by monomodal droplet size distributions and smaller droplets without networking tendency. They exhibit Newtonian flow behaviour and a much higher stability against phase separation. In emulsifier blends, PGPR is mainly responsible for the modulation of physical properties of the emulsions.

“…). Although it is known that different phospholipids exhibit a different impact on the rheology of chocolate‐like systems , this is of less importance for the mechanical response of solidified systems.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and sensory properties of chocolate made with lecithin of different origin

Böhme

Symmank

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

2016

The development of genetically modified foods, but also the use of therefrom produced ingredients in food manufacturing raises uncertainties and concerns in both producers and consumers. Lecithin from soy beans, which is most frequently used to modify the flow behavior of chocolate masses, is a prominent example of such an ingredient. In this study, lecithin of different origin, namely from soy bean, sunflower, or canola seeds, was incorporated into lecithin‐free masses of white and milk chocolate. The resulting products were analyzed with respect to flow behavior (molten masses), and hardness and color (solidified products); only negligible effects on these parameters were observed. A series of sensory experiments, aiming at detecting whether differences in taste and acceptance caused by the lecithin source exist, revealed that consumers were not able to distinguish between chocolates made with lecithin from different sources. Analyzing the attitudes of 161 subjects toward genetically modified foods revealed a general scepticism, especially as concerns long‐term environmental and health effects. Practical applications: The results obtained by physical analysis of chocolate and the results from acceptance testing are promising for chocolate producers who intend to replace soy lecithin by sunflower or canola lecithin. The lecithin source exhibited only a minor influence on viscosity, hardness, and color of white and milk chocolate, and consumers were not able to differentiate between chocolate with different lecithin. The results indicate that using sunflower or canola lecithin in chocolate production may be a successful approach for chocolate producers to meet consumers concerns regarding ingredients from genetically modified plants. Soy lecithin is the most commonly used flow enhancer in chocolate manufacture. Physical and sensory analysis shows that lecithin from sunflower or canola seeds may be used in a similar concentration without affecting physical or sensory properties of the resulting chocolates.