Influence of Industrial Wastes and Different Fluxes on Hot Metal Desulfurization Efficiency

Santo, Elton Volkers do Espírito; Soares, Silas Gambarine; Oliveira, Heitor Cristo Clem de; Junca, Eduardo; Grillo, Felipe Fardin; Oliveira, José Roberto de

doi:10.1007/s11837-021-04673-3

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 20 publications

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“…CaS is formed when Liquid ≤ 10 wt.% and CaO (s) ≥ 90 wt.%. Santo et al [35] found that, in the multi-oxide system, CaS is formed when CaO (s) ≥ 67 wt.% and the liquid slag is 10-30 wt.%. Based on the above two references, to form a CaS phase, CaO (s) ≥ 67 wt.% and a liquid phase must exist.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Sulfur-tolerant Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Shen,

Lin,

Chang

et al. 2024

Metals

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In response to the development of low-carbon smelting technology, reducing the use of fluor-containing materials in desulfurizers is an important research topic. The development of new-generation KR (Kambara Reactor) desulfurizers is shifting towards a higher Al2O3 content rather than CaF2, yet there is currently an absence of thorough and comprehensive mechanisms for desulfurization. Consequently, this research provides an extensive comparison using a specially constructed small-scale KR desulfurization hot model test, alongside FactSage simulation and SEM analysis (of desulfurization process). The findings indicate that at 1400 °C, for the desulfurization of molten iron, the capacity for desulfurization initially increases and then diminishes as the Al2O3 content in the KR desulfurizer rises. With Al2O3 content in the desulfurizer below 22 wt.%, the phase composition predominantly consists of C3A, employing a solid(slag)–liquid(metal) diffusion method for desulfurization. The optimal desulfurization capacity (Ls: 64.1) is observed when the Al2O3 content is 15 wt.%, attributed to the simultaneous presence of CaO particle precipitation and C3A. However, as the Al2O3 content reaches 20 wt.%, all the oversaturated CaO integrates into C3A, leading to a reduction in Ls from 64.1 to 10.7, thereby diminishing the desulfurization capacity by approximately sixfold. When Al2O3 exceeds 22 wt.%, the phase composition transitions from the C3A to C12A7 phase, and the desulfurization approach shifts from solid(slag)–liquid(metal) to liquid(slag)–liquid(metal) diffusion, with Ls decreasing to 23.4. This reduction is due to C12A7’s lower sulfur capacity compared to C3A and the absence of saturated CaO particle precipitation. Therefore, for Al2O3 to effectively replace fluorite in KR desulfurizers, a higher presence of C3A phases and CaO particle precipitation are essential. The desulfurizer must contain over 65 wt.% CaO and maintain Al2O3 levels at 10~16.2 wt.%.

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Section: Analysis Of the Sulfur-tolerant Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Shen,

Lin,

Chang

et al. 2024

Metals

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Analysis of the Influence of Additions of Flux, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃, on the Desulfurization Efficiency of Hot Metal Using Global Desulfurization Factor

Soares,

Ramos,

da Silva Amaral

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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The formation of the solid phases CaS, 3CaO.SiO2 and CaO.Al2O3 around the lime particle decreases the efficiency of desulfurization by the kanbara reactor (KR) process. The addition of fluxes reduces the formation of these phases. The addition of Al and Si can also have this effect, depending on the added levels. In this study, different mixtures based on CaO with different levels of fluorspar, sodalite (Nepheline Syenite), and SiO2 and Al2O3 content were studied and used in the desulfurization process of hot metal. These mixtures were added to a bath of liquid hot metal at 1400 °C. All experiments were performed with mechanical agitation. Samples were taken at times of 5, 10, 15, and 20 min, and analyses were performed to evaluate the variation of sulfur over time. The Thermo‐Calc software was used to determine the formed phases, solid fraction, and liquid fraction of the different mixtures. With this data, different values of the Global Desulfurization Factor (FGDeS) were calculated, which was developed to evaluate and predict the efficiency of hot metal desulfurizing mixtures by the KR process. The results of showed that fluorspar was more efficient than sodalite. The FGDeS had a correlation factor (R2) above 0.9 with the desulfurization efficiency.

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Recent Studies on Hot Metal Desulfurization

Keskinkilic

2022

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Influence of Industrial Wastes and Different Fluxes on Hot Metal Desulfurization Efficiency

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Analysis of the Influence of Additions of Flux, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃, on the Desulfurization Efficiency of Hot Metal Using Global Desulfurization Factor

Recent Studies on Hot Metal Desulfurization

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Influence of Industrial Wastes and Different Fluxes on Hot Metal Desulfurization Efficiency

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Effects of Different CaO/Al2O3 Ratios on the Phase Composition and Desulfurization Ability of CaO-Based Desulfurizers in Hot Metal

Analysis of the Influence of Additions of Flux, SiO2, and Al2O3, on the Desulfurization Efficiency of Hot Metal Using Global Desulfurization Factor

Recent Studies on Hot Metal Desulfurization

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Analysis of the Influence of Additions of Flux, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃, on the Desulfurization Efficiency of Hot Metal Using Global Desulfurization Factor