Thin-layer drying behaviour of dill leaves samples under three different infrared radiation power intensities was investigated. Diffusion Approach was found to be the best model that describes the drying behaviour of dill leaves. Effective diffusivity values were 6.97 × 10−9, 6.84 × 10−9 and 8.96 × 10−9 m2/s for power intensities of 1790, 1970 and 2070 W/m2, respectively. According to the first and second law efficiencies, the infrared drying system was more efficient at higher power intensities (p < 0.05). However, the total colour change was maximum at the highest power intensity. For the investigated infrared drying conditions, 1970 W/m2 was recommended as the best-infrared power intensity applied for drying of dill leaves by taking into account both performance analyses and quality changes.
Thin-layer drying behaviour of dill leaves samples under three different infrared radiation power intensities was investigated. Diffusion Approach was found to be the best model that describes the drying behaviour of dill leaves. Effective diffusivity values were 6.97 × 10−9, 6.84 × 10−9 and 8.96 × 10−9 m2/s for power intensities of 1790, 1970 and 2070 W/m2, respectively. According to the first and second law efficiencies, the infrared drying system was more efficient at higher power intensities (p < 0.05). However, the total colour change was maximum at the highest power intensity. For the investigated infrared drying conditions, 1970 W/m2 was recommended as the best-infrared power intensity applied for drying of dill leaves by taking into account both performance analyses and quality changes.
“…The results were in accordance with the other reports (Lu et al, ; Zeng et al, , ). Yildiz Turp, Icier, and Kor () and Zeng et al () described that additives such as chili pepper, capsaicin, and Sichuan pepper may improve the osmotic pressure of muscular tissue. Increased osmotic pressure escalates water loss and hardness in cooking process and based on the results, the use of chitosan in the present survey as a food additive can prevent tissue damage.…”
The aim of the present survey was to investigate the effectiveness of different chitosans (oligosaccharide and acid soluble) and cooking methods (deep‐fat frying and barbecuing) on the formation of four potentially carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (PhIP, IQ, MeIQ, and MeIQx) in fish fillet of huso (Huso huso). The results demonstrated that chitosans imparted significantly (p ≤ .05) favorable characteristics on texture profile, cooking traits, and proximate composition in the fillet. Concerning heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) compositions, PhIP (Non‐detected [Nd]—2.51 ng/g), IQ (Nd—0.62 ng/g), MeIQ (0.41–0.92 ng/g), and MeIQx (Nd—1.20 ng/g) were evaluated. The total HAA amounts in the barbecued samples were higher than the deep‐fat frying samples. The fried samples treated with 1% acid soluble chitosan had the highest inhibitory effect (68.09%) against HAA formation. Based on the results, chitosan could reduce the formation of HAAs in huso fillet in the deep‐fat frying fillet.
Practical applications
Chitosan can be utilized in fish processing company to reduce HAA contents in them. In addition, chitosan can reinforce antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in them.
“…The developed cooking protocol was applicable to the whole steaks under real processing conditions. Thermal inactivation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli was more effective at 65 • C with a 5.0 log reduction [58] Beef meatballs Ohmic-infrared heating Infrared heating improved the appearance of the ohmically precooked meatball samples, and the obtained results were affected by the power applied and the distance between the infrared source and the sample surface [59] Beef meatballs Ohmic-infrared heating Ohmically precooked samples followed by infrared heating could improve the microbiological safety and reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses [60] Chicken nugget Infrared heating and frying…”
Section: Muscle Food Product Thermal Treatments Main Findings Referencementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most food components absorb this kind of radiation, thus the technique is characterized by several features including uniform heating, short heating time, and energy-saving, just to mention a few [13,19,72]. Nevertheless, the weak penetration of infrared light limits its wider application as a heat processing method; therefore up to date, infrared heating has been used for materials of thin layer or as a supplementary heating source for muscle foods that have been already heated using ohmic heating or other heat processing techniques [19,59,73,74].…”
Muscle food products play a vital role in human nutrition due to their sensory quality and high nutritional value. One well-known challenge of such products is the high perishability and limited shelf life unless suitable preservation or processing techniques are applied. Thermal processing is one of the well-established treatments that has been most commonly used in order to prepare food and ensure its safety. However, the application of inappropriate or severe thermal treatments may lead to undesirable changes in the sensory and nutritional quality of heat-processed products, and especially so for foods that are sensitive to thermal treatments, such as fish and meat and their products. In recent years, novel thermal treatments (e.g., ohmic heating, microwave) and non-thermal processing (e.g., high pressure, cold plasma) have emerged and proved to cause less damage to the quality of treated products than do conventional techniques. Several traditional assessment approaches have been extensively applied in order to evaluate and monitor changes in quality resulting from the use of thermal and non-thermal processing methods. Recent advances, nonetheless, have shown tremendous potential of various emerging analytical methods. Among these, spectroscopic techniques have received considerable attention due to many favorable features compared to conventional analysis methods. This review paper will provide an updated overview of both processing (thermal and non-thermal) and analytical techniques (traditional methods and spectroscopic ones). The opportunities and limitations will be discussed and possible directions for future research studies and applications will be suggested.
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