Influence of initiators on the growth of poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanofibers

Mankidy, Pratik J.; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Foley, Henry C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.03.018

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Development at 60% RH yields a 'tortellini-like' polymer structure and a two-dimensional film, possibly due to the initiation by a hard anion which then leads to a very fast initiation and many active centres of polymer growth [19]. At 80% RH, the initiation of polymerisation is slower resulting in fewer active centres of polymer growth and thus leading to growth in one direction and a 'noodle-like' morphology [20]. The morphology of the cyanoacrylate at 80% RH allows for suitable visualisation due to the light scattering and because it traps fluorescent dyes molecules for successful staining and observation of fluorescence.…”

Section: Atmospheric Cyanoacrylate Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison between atmospheric/humidity and vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingermarks

Farrugia

Fraser

Friel

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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A number of pseudo-operational trials were set up to compare the atmospheric/humidity and vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming processes on plastic carrier bags. The fuming processes were compared using two-step cyanoacrylate fuming with basic yellow 40 (BY40) staining and a one-step fluorescent cyanoacrylate fuming, Lumicyano 4%. Preliminary work using planted fingermarks and split depletions were performed to identify the optimum vacuum fuming conditions. The first pseudo-operational trial compared the different fuming conditions (atmospheric/humidity vs. vacuum) for the two-step process where an additional 50% more marks were detected with the atmospheric/humidity process. None of the marks by the vacuum process could be observed visually; however, a significant number of marks were detected by fluorescence after BY40 staining. The second trial repeated the same work in trial 1 using the one-step cyanoacrylate process, Lumicyano at a concentration of 4%. Trial 2 provided comparable results to trial 1 and all the items were then re-treated with Lumicyano 4% at atmospheric/humidity conditions before dyeing with BY40 to provide the sequences of process A (Lumicyano 4% atmospheric-Lumicyano 4% atmospheric-BY40) and process B (Lumicyano 4% vacuum-Lumicyano 4% atmospheric-BY40). The number of marks (visual and fluorescent) was counted after each treatment with a substantial increase in the number of detected marks in the second and third treatments of the process. The increased detection rate after the double Lumicyano process was unexpected and may have important implications. Trial 3 was performed to investigate whether the amount of cyanoacrylate and/or fuming time had an impact on the results observed in trial 2 whereas trial 4 assessed if the double process using conventional cyanoacrylate, rather than Lumicyano 4%, provided an increased detection rate. Trials 3 and 4 confirmed that doubling the amount of Lumicyano 4% cyanoacrylate and fuming time produced a lower detection rate than the double process with Lumicyano 4%. Furthermore, the double process with conventional cyanoacrylate did not provide any benefit. Scanning electron microscopy was also performed to investigate the morphology of the cyanoacrylate polymer under different conditions. The atmospheric/humidity process appears to be superior to the vacuum process for both the two-step and one-step cyanoacrylate fuming, although the two-step process performed better in comparison to the one-step process under vacuum conditions. Nonetheless, the use of vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming may have certain operational advantages and its use does not adversely affect subsequent cyanoacrylate fuming with atmospheric/humidity conditions.

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Section: Atmospheric Cyanoacrylate Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The split depletion trials were carried out at three different pressures (700, 50, 5 Torr) for three different time periods (20,40, 60 min). The 700 Torr pressure was acting as a control since it is very close to atmospheric pressure (760 Torr).…”

Section: Vacuum Camentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison between atmospheric/humidity and vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingermarks

Farrugia

Fraser

Friel

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…SEM pictures show a very high and homogeneous concentration of noodle-type polymer on the ridges (Figure 2a) and a very low polymer development between the ridges (Figure 2b). Several studies [8,21,[25][26][27]…”

Section: Sem Picturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lumicyano™: A new fluorescent cyanoacrylate for a one-step luminescent latent fingermark development

Prete¹,

Galmiche

Quenum-Possy-Berry

et al. 2013

Forensic Science International

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Latent fingermarks developed by cyanoacrylate fuming often lack contrast; therefore further enhancement is required, such as dye staining. This second step is part of the conventional detection sequences performed by forensics practitioners. Dye-staining or powder dusting aims at improving contrast and at increasing the legibility of details, yet their use may at times be limited. Indeed powder dusting may not be effective due to unexpected adherence to the background, and poor affinity to the cyanoacrylate. In the same way staining processes can dye a whole semi-porous surface or may wash the marks. To avoid that second step, a new luminescent cyanoacrylate (Lumicyano™) which allows one-step development without changing the fuming chamber settings (80% humidity rate, 120°C fuming temperature) was developed and assessed. This study aimed at comparing Lumicyano™ to a conventional two-step process. A detailed sensitivity study was conducted on glass slides, as well as the processing of various non-porous and semi-porous substrates, usually considered as problematic for a dye staining step. The results indicate that Lumicyano™ detects fingermarks with equal or better sensitivity and ridge details than currently used cyanoacrylate. Secondly in luminescent mode, good ridges clarity and excellent contrast are observed, even if Lumicyano™ is sometimes less bright than the two-step process. Furthermore, conventional enhancement can still be carried out if needed. As a conclusion, Lumicyano™ makes it possible to avoid an enhancement step which can be detrimental to further examinations, particularly on rough or semi-porous surfaces.

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“…[50] In the IR spectra of PECA and CNT/PECA composite, the peaks at 2250 and 1751 cm À1 were assigned to the stretching vibrations of ÀCN and C=O, respectively. [45] The peaks at 1254 and 1013 cm…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace amounts of moisture can trigger the rapid anonic polymerization of liquid ECA to yield solid poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (PECA). [45] ECA is also a commonly used forensic reagent for capture of latent fingerprints on non-porous surfaces, such as glass, plastic, etc. [46] ECA and PECA have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a tissue adhesive and a drug carrier, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of Carbon Nanotube/Poly(ethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate) Composite Electrode by Water‐Vapor‐Initiated Polymerization for Enhanced Amperometric Detection

Chen

Gan

Wang

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

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A carbon nanotube/poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (CNT/PECA) composite electrode was developed for enhanced amperometric detection. The composite electrode was fabricated on the basis of water-vapor-initiated polymerization of a mixture of CNTs and ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate in the bore of a piece of fused silica capillary. The morphology and structure of the composite were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the CNTs were well dispersed and embedded throughout the PECA matrix to form an interconnected CNT network. The analytical performance of this unique CNT-based detector has been demonstrated by separating and detecting six flavones in combination with capillary electrophoresis. The advantages of the CNT/PECA composite detector include lower operating potential, higher sensitivity, low expense of fabrication, satisfactory resistance to surface fouling, and enhanced stability; these properties indicate great promise for a wide range of applications.

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Influence of initiators on the growth of poly(ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanofibers

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

A comparison between atmospheric/humidity and vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingermarks

A comparison between atmospheric/humidity and vacuum cyanoacrylate fuming of latent fingermarks

Lumicyano™: A new fluorescent cyanoacrylate for a one-step luminescent latent fingermark development

Facile Preparation of Carbon Nanotube/Poly(ethyl 2‐cyanoacrylate) Composite Electrode by Water‐Vapor‐Initiated Polymerization for Enhanced Amperometric Detection

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