Influence of Injector Location on Part-Load Performance Characteristics of Natural Gas Direct-Injection in a Spark Ignition Engine

Sevik, James; Pamminger, Michael; Wallner, Thomas; Scarcelli, Riccardo; Boyer, Brad; Wooldridge, Steven; Hall, Carrie M.; Miers, Scott A.

doi:10.4271/2016-01-2364

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In another study, fuel consumption during stratified operation with DI was found to be lower than during homogeneous combustion with DI because of reduced pumping losses [31]. As noted above, the use of CNG DI systems reduces CO 2 emissions [26,32]. In addition, it can reduce NO x emissions relative to those of gasoline engines [33].…”

Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Direct injection (DI) systems could be used to achieve a better torque and power output as well as higher volumetric efficiencies that could rival those of gasoline engines [21]. Several recent industrial and academic research projects have examined the use of natural gas (methane) DI systems in experimental single cylinder engines and standard vehicle research engines [20,24,25,26].…”

Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the difference between the injection and compression pressures must be large enough to ensure that sufficient fuel is injected during the injection period [29]. The injector's positioning (top or side injection) can also influence the mixing of the injected gas and the air flow in the combustion chamber [24,26]. Some studies have evaluated the performance of CNG DI systems using combustion modes including homogeneous stoichiometric, homogeneous lean burn, and stratified lean burn.…”

Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Melaika

Dahlander

2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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N atural gas, biogas, and biomethane are attractive fuels for compressed natural gas (CNG) engines because of their beneficial physical and chemical characteristics. This paper examines three combustion modes-homogeneous stoichiometric, homogeneous lean burn, and stratified combustion-in an optical single cylinder engine with a gas direct injection system operating with an injection pressure of 18 bar. The combustion process in each mode was characterized by indicated parameters, recording combustion images, and analysing combustion chemiluminescence emission spectra. Pure methane, which is the main component of CNG (up to 98%) or biomethane (> 98 %), was used as the fuel. Chemiluminescence emission spectrum analysis showed that OH* and CN* peaks appeared at their characteristic wavelengths in all three combustion modes. The peak of OH* and broadband CO 2 * intensities were strongly dependent on the air/fuel ratio conditions in the cylinder. Lower OH* and CO 2 * intensities were observed with lean air/fuel mixtures because under these conditions, more air was present, the combustion reactions were slower, and the cylinder pressure was higher. CN* was formed by the spark plasma and was detected over a particularly long period when using a dual coil ignition system. The intensities of the OH* and CN* signals correlated when using this ignition system. Combustion image analysis showed that the flame had a wrinkled boundary in stoichiometric and lean burn modes and was especially distorted in stratified mode. No yellow soot luminescence was observed during homogeneous combustion. However, the emission spectra and combustion images acquired during stratified combustion showed that soot formation occurred due to the presence of fuel-rich areas with inadequate mixing in the cylinder. The difficulty of maintaining stable fuel injection, achieving proper air/fuel mixing, and ensuring stable flame propagation in lean air/fuel mixtures increased cycle-to-cycle variations. However, the homogeneous lean burn and stratified combustion modes achieved significantly lower indicated specific fuel consumption values than stoichiometric combustion.

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Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methane Based Gaseous Fuels In Si Enginesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Melaika

Dahlander

2016

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…The dual fuel engine considered in this work uses 87 AKI E10 as the liquid port-injected fuel and CNG as the gaseous direct-injected fuel. Details on the fuel specifications can be found in Sevik et al, 4,12 Pamminger et al 11,41 and Hall et al 39 , Tests were conducted for pure E10 and pure CNG as well as for three blends of these fuels (25% E10/75% CNG, 50% E10/50% CNG, 75% E10/25% CNG by energy). Sweeps of the spark timing, port and direct injection timings, and exhaust gas recirculation fraction were all conducted for the different fuel blends.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instantaneous and cycle optimization of fuel usage on a dual fuel vehicle leveraging gasoline and natural gas

Hall

Pamminger

Sevik

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Recent increases in natural gas supply have led to a desire to leverage this fuel in the transportation sector. Dual fuel engines provide a platform on which to use natural gas efficiently; these engines, however, require new hardware and new control strategies to properly utilize two fuels simultaneously. This paper explores the impact of implementing dual fuel capabilities on a sedan and demonstrates that a dual fuel E10 and compressed natural gas engine is able to improve the average engine efficiency by up to 6.5% compared to a single fuel engine on standard drive cycles. An optimal control technique is also developed, and the proposed approach allows factors including fuel cost and fuel availability to be taken into account. Optimization at each time instant is investigated and contrasted with optimization over the entire cycle. Cycle optimization is shown to have particular value for cases in which the level in one fuel tank is low.

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“…Figure 1 shows the typical configurations of side-mounted and central-mounted injectors. Other investigations [17][18][19] have shown that, compared with central-mounted injectors, side-mounted injectors exhibit better performance in terms of enhanced tumble motion, thermal load reduction, preignition suppression and thermal efficiency improvement. However, it is more difficult for a side-mounted injector to realize spray-guided operation due to the potential for impingement.…”

Section: Development Of Gdi Combustion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Technology

Shuai

et al. 2018

Automot. Innov.

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Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are currently the dominant powertrains for passenger cars. With the implementation of increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulations worldwide, GDI engines are facing challenges owing to high particulate matter emissions and a tendency to knock, leading to a change in the research and design (R&D) issues compared with those in the twentieth century. This paper reviews the progress in research regarding GDI engine technologies over the past 20 years, focusing on combustion system configurations, and also highlights common issues in GDI R&D, including preignition and deto-knock, soot formation and PM emissions, injector deposits and gasoline compression ignition (GCI). First, an overview of recent developments in the field as driven by regulations is provided, following which progress in injection and combustion systems is examined. Third, the review addresses the occurrence and mechanism of deto-knock and considers means of suppressing this phenomenon. The fourth section discusses soot formation mechanisms and particulate matter emission characteristics of GDI engines and describes the application of gasoline particulate filter (GPF) after-treatment. The subsequent section summarizes studies regarding injector deposit formation, as well as pioneering research into GCI combustion modes. Finally, a summary and future prospects for GDI engine technologies are provided.

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Influence of Injector Location on Part-Load Performance Characteristics of Natural Gas Direct-Injection in a Spark Ignition Engine

Cited by 20 publications

References 9 publications

Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Experimental Investigation of Methane Direct Injection with Stratified Charge Combustion in Optical SI Single Cylinder Engine

Instantaneous and cycle optimization of fuel usage on a dual fuel vehicle leveraging gasoline and natural gas

Recent Progress in Automotive Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Technology

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