Influence of inorganic species on the formation of polysaccharide and lignin degradation products in the analytical pyrolysis of pulps

Kleen, Marjatta; Gellerstedt, Göran

doi:10.1016/0165-2370(95)00893-j

Cited by 117 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Wood samples that were soaked in sodium and potassium hydroxides yielded more phenolic compounds upon their pyrolysis; NaOH is slightly more effective for the production of guaiacol, cresols, and 4-ethylguaicol, whereas KOH is slightly better for the production of phenol, cis-isoeugenol and transisoeugenol (Di Blasi et al 2009). Similar results have been found from Kleen and Gellerstedt (1995) that sodium, both as an exchanged counter-ion and as added inorganic salt, does not change the absolute amount of lignin products to any noticeable degree but has a clear catalytic effect on the distribution pattern of lignin pyrolysis products. AAEMs exerts effects on the distribution of pyrolysis products and phenolic compounds of biomass.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on the Phenolic Species of Pyrolysis Oil

et al. 2017

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Bio-oil as an important renewable energy product has been successfully made from corn stalks and lignin via a fast pyrolysis process. This study investigated the effects of alkali and alkaline earth metallic species (AAEMs) on phenolic products in corn stalk and lignin pyrolysis oil. Corn stalks were demineralized with 0.5 M HCl, and lignin was doped with 0.2wt%, 2wt%, and 20wt% KCl and CaCl2, respectively. The pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a fixed bed tubular furnace ranging from 450 °C to 600 °C. It was found that AAEMs exert positive effects on the formation of char and gas and inhibit the production of bio-oil. The effect of KCl on the product distribution from lignin is somewhat stronger than CaCl2. Moreover, the content of P, HP, GP, and SP decreases after removal of AAEMs. KCl can promote the polymerization of light molecular aromatic hydrocarbons to increase the SP yield at 600 °C, whereas the effect on increase in P and HP content is relatively weaker than CaCl2. KCl and CaCl2 play notable roles in demethxylation and demethoxylation in increasing phenol content and removing the R group from the ring.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on the Phenolic Species of Pyrolysis Oil

et al. 2017

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“…Changes within the polymeric structures themselves, therefore, would not be noticed. Large compositional differences might also influence the type of fragmentation, especially when large variations in sodium and\or potassium concentration are involved [28 ]. The composition of the plant material investigated is rather similar, however, and for such material qualitative and quantitative determinations based on relative intensities of ions in PyMS [1,40,42,43 ] were shown to correlate well with wet chemical methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Changes in chemical composition related to fungal infection and induced resistance in carnation and radish investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Steijl

Niemann

Boon

1999

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

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Pseudomonas fluorescens WCR 417r induces systemic resistance in radish roots challenged by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani and, incidentally, in carnation stems challenged by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi. The induced systemic resistance is not associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs) or, at least in case of radish, with increased peroxidase activity. We tested whether the induced systemic resistance might be associated with changes in the host cell wall composition. Cell wall degradation, using pyrolysis mass spectrometry, was demonstrated on fungal infection in carnation and probably in radish as well. Lignin was found to be demethoxylated, oxidized and depolymerized. In carnation both syringyl and guaiacyl lignin were broken down. In radish root probably mainly syringyl lignin was degraded. Cellulose and hemicellulose were degraded in carnation and possibly in radish. Bacterization with P. fluorescens WCS 417r prior to fungal infection reduced such cell wall degradation, consistent with its resistance inducing action. In the case of the radish roots it seems very improbable that this reduction is a necessary component of the induced fungal resistance. For carnation it remains to be investigated.

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“…Generally, xylan is the most closely associated polysaccharide to lignin, and NMR studies have also clearly identified lignin-glucuronic acid ester bonds (Yuan et al, 2011). Also, MLGs closely coat low-substituted xylan regions, likely via non-covalent interactions (Carpita et al, 2001;Kozlova et al, 2014). Furthermore, some components can also affect the distribution of other components.…”

Section: Biomass Composition and Chemical Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, secondary reactions occur during the pyrolysis process involving other components present within the biomass (Ponder and Richards, 1991;Kleen and Gellerstedt, 1995;Muller-Hagedorn et al, 2003;Fahmi et al, 2007;Patwardhan et al, 2010;Ronsse et al, 2012;Lou et al, 2013;Mante et al, 2014). As products form, they can interact with catalytic minerals in the residual solid.…”

Section: Model 2: Secondary Reactions Catalyzed By Inorganic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

et al. 2015

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Thermal conversion of biomass is a rapid, low-cost way to produce a dense liquid product, known as bio-oil, that can be refined to transportation fuels. However, utilization of bio-oil is challenging due to its chemical complexity, acidity, and instability -all results of the intricate nature of biomass. A clear understanding of how biomass properties impact yield and composition of thermal products will provide guidance to optimize both biomass and conditions for thermal conversion. To aid elucidation of these associations, we first describe biomass polymers, including phenolics, polysaccharides, acetyl groups, and inorganic ions, and the chemical interactions among them. We then discuss evidence for three roles (i.e., models) for biomass components in the formation of liquid pyrolysis products: (1) as direct sources, (2) as catalysts, and (3) as indirect factors whereby chemical interactions among components and/or cell wall structural features impact thermal conversion products. We highlight associations that might be utilized to optimize biomass content prior to pyrolysis, though a more detailed characterization is required to understand indirect effects. In combination with high-throughput biomass characterization techniques, this knowledge will enable identification of biomass particularly suited for biofuel production and can also guide genetic engineering of bioenergy crops to improve biomass features.

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Influence of inorganic species on the formation of polysaccharide and lignin degradation products in the analytical pyrolysis of pulps

Cited by 117 publications

References 35 publications

Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on the Phenolic Species of Pyrolysis Oil

Influence of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metallic Species on the Phenolic Species of Pyrolysis Oil

Changes in chemical composition related to fungal infection and induced resistance in carnation and radish investigated by pyrolysis mass spectrometry

Relationships between Biomass Composition and Liquid Products Formed via Pyrolysis

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