Influence of Intelligence on Anxiety and Perception of Self and Others1

Phillips, Beeman N.; Hindsman, Edwin; Jennings, Earl

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1960.tb05781.x

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…As far back as Spielberger (1958) noted a negative correlation between intelligence and anxiety in healthy subjects. This relationship has been explained as follows: individuals exhibiting low intelligence are unable to make responses that lead to success, which in turn results in the development of anxiety (Phillips et al, 1960). Others have suggested a positive correlation between intelligence and pathological anxiety based on the hypothesis that gifted children are prone to disharmonious development, which may result in the development of personality disorders, obsessional behavior, and anxiety disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism

Coplan¹,

Hodulik²,

Mathew³

et al. 2012

Front. Evol. Neurosci.

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We have demonstrated in a previous study that a high degree of worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) correlates positively with intelligence and that a low degree of worry in healthy subjects correlates positively with intelligence. We have also shown that both worry and intelligence exhibit an inverse correlation with certain metabolites in the subcortical white matter. Here we re-examine the relationships among generalized anxiety, worry, intelligence, and subcortical white matter metabolism in an extended sample. Results from the original study were combined with results from a second study to create a sample comprised of 26 patients with GAD and 18 healthy volunteers. Subjects were evaluated using the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, the Wechsler Brief intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (1H-MRSI) to measure subcortical white matter metabolism of choline and related compounds (CHO). Patients with GAD exhibited higher IQ’s and lower metabolite concentrations of CHO in the subcortical white matter in comparison to healthy volunteers. When data from GAD patients and healthy controls were combined, relatively low CHO predicted both relatively higher IQ and worry scores. Relatively high anxiety in patients with GAD predicted high IQ whereas relatively low anxiety in controls also predicted high IQ. That is, the relationship between anxiety and intelligence was positive in GAD patients but inverse in healthy volunteers. The collective data suggest that both worry and intelligence are characterized by depletion of metabolic substrate in the subcortical white matter and that intelligence may have co-evolved with worry in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism

Coplan¹,

Hodulik²,

Mathew³

et al. 2012

Front. Evol. Neurosci.

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Sex, social class, and anxiety as sources of variation in school achievement.

Phillips¹

1962

Journal of Educational Psychology

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The hypothesis that social class interacts with sex and anxiety to produce differences in school achievement was tested utilizing a sample of 759 adolescents classified into 8 subsamples involving 2 levels of anxiety and social class, and both sexes. 8 measures of school achievement were employed, including standardized tests and teacher grades. The results supported 2 major findings of previous research: females had higher anxiety scores than males, and highly anxious Ss had lower achievement and intelligence scores. Both 1st and 2nd order interactions between sex, social class, and anxiety were found. Difficulties were encountered in integrating these findings into anxiety theory, and certain proposals are offered to accomplish this.Despite the great number of studies which have been reported, it is still difficult to reach definitive conclusions regarding anxiety and its relationships with school attitudes, behavior, and achievement. One of the reasons for this is that sex differences in the consequences of anxiety frequently have been reported (e.g.,

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The Influence of Schooling and Sex on Test and General Anxiety as Measured by Sarason's Scales

Pringle

Cox

1963

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Influence of Intelligence on Anxiety and Perception of Self and Others1

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

The Relationship between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism

The Relationship between Intelligence and Anxiety: An Association with Subcortical White Matter Metabolism

Sex, social class, and anxiety as sources of variation in school achievement.

The Influence of Schooling and Sex on Test and General Anxiety as Measured by Sarason's Scales

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