Influence of interface reconstruction on the formation and superconductive properties of metastable Pb-Ga alloy films

Abstract

We show that the growth, composition, and superconductive properties of ultrathin Pb1−xGax alloy films depend strongly on the atomic structure of the substrate interface. Whereas alloy films on the Si(111)-(7 × 7) surface grow in multilayers, reminiscent of the quantum growth phenomenon observed in pure Pb layers, alloy films on the Si (111)• -Ga interfaces gradually switch to classical layer-by-layer growth. The (7 × 7) interface is unique in that it enables formation of atomically smooth alloy films containing up to 6% of Ga, which is far beyond the solid solubility limit. In contrast, the ( √ 3 × √ 3) interfaces promote phase separation. The contrasting influences of these interfaces are also reflected by their superconductive properties, most notably by the differences in the critical current density, exceeding more than one order of magnitude.

Quantum Size Effects in the Growth and Properties of Ultrathin Metal Films, Alloys, and Related Low-Dimensional Structures

“…It is also expected that future research in this area will shift toward synthesis of more complex metallic systems such as the quantum stabilization of "nano alloys" that are immiscible in bulk form [81,82], as well as applications in other areas of chemistry, physics, and engineering. Intriguing possibilities include pushing the robustness of the superconducting state to even smaller length scales so as to obtain unprecedented insights into the emergence of collective quantum phenomena in structures containing the fewest number of atom [3].…”