“…In terms of the moment-curvature constitutive equation, if the column is assumed to be viscoelastic, rather than elastic, the paradox has been shown to be removed. We refer to [10,17], where viscoelastic moment-curvature constitutive relationship is adopted in addition to other generalizations. On resolution of the Herrmann-Smith paradox, another paradox arises known as the Ziegler (destabilization) paradox, see [34].…”