Influence of intrinsic defects on the electrical and optical properties of TiO2:Nb films sputtered at room temperature

Enhancing the physical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles via cobalt doping

“…The presence of vacancies provides a path for ion diffusion and lowers the activation energy to facilitate the growth of rutile in Co-doped compared to pure TiO 2 . 28,29 Y. Shao et al showed that during the anatase to rutile transformation process, using smaller grain sizes of Co-doped TiO 2 results in low total surface energy and activation energy due to increased surface area. 30 Some authors reported that the phase transformation could be due to the difference in ionic radii between cobalt and titania ions, such that the unit cell distortions occur when cobalt ions substitute for titanium ions.…”

Transparent niobium-doped titanium dioxide thin films with high Seebeck coefficient for thermoelectric applications

“…Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are electrically conductive materials with high transparency in the visible range. TCOs have been investigated for a wide range of applications in optoelectrical devices including photovoltaics, displays, optoelectrical interfaces and window glass technologies [13,14]. Touch-screen and solar cell applications require TCO coatings with high transparency (transmissivity greater than 85 %, averaged from 400 to 1100 nm), which in general requires film thickness of ∼100 nm, combined with useful electrical conductivity (below 10 3 Ω -1 •cm -1 ) [14,15].…”

Tuning the Optical Properties of ZnO by Co and Gd Doping for Water Pollutant Elimination

“…The rate of n is ½ for a direct bandgap and 2 for a bandgap that is indirect in nature. The bandgap of the optical nature of prepared samples was calculated by extrapolating the linear portion of hν versus the (𝛼hν) 2 plots to the x-axis [34,35]. Figure 5a-d indicates the extrapolation curves of prepared un-doped ZnO, Co-doped, Gd-doped, and Co/Gd-added ZnO nanoparticles.…”

“…The rate of n is 1 2 for a direct bandgap and 2 for a bandgap that is indirect in nature. The bandgap of the optical nature of prepared samples was calculated by extrapolating the linear portion of hν versus the (αhν) 2 plots to the x-axis [34,35].…”