Influence of ion-exchange resin catalysts on side reactions of the esterification of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si34.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-Butanol with acetic acid

Blagov, S.; Parada, Sandra; Bailer, Oliver; Moritz, Peter; Lam, David; Weinand, R.; Hasse, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.07.007

Cited by 73 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Esterification reactions are one way of producing biodiesel. In recent years, many investigations on catalysts for the esterification step have demonstrated the use of solid superacids [9][10][11], heteropoly acids [12,13], or cation-exchange resins with strong acidity [14,15] as catalysts. These catalysts can displace sulfuric acid and thereby solve process problems such as equipment corrosion and environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel synthesis

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2014

Chinese Journal of Catalysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel synthesis

Liu

Cheng

et al. 2014

Chinese Journal of Catalysis

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“…www.nature.com/scientificreports/ However, the liquor sample contains thousands of water-soluble compounds, k may be affected by the side reactions of Eq. (1) 20 . This concern can be counted by measuring the k value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of the regulation of ester balance between oxidation and esterification in aged Baijiu

Deng

Xiong

Zhao

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The influence of oxidation and esterification on the ester balance of aged Baijiu and methodology for the rational design of liquor flavors to optimize the practice of Baijiu production are not completely understood. We investigated the influence of ester balance on the flavor compounds of aged Baijiu by conducting constituent analysis of Baijiu from different aging times (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 years). The changes of the main flavor compounds in the aging process were determined, and the correlations among different chemical reactions, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, and esterification, were systematically expounded. Furthermore, cluster analysis of the heat map indicated significant differences between aged Baijiu and new Baijiu and recommended a suitable aging time of 2–3 years.

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“…This observation can be explained in terms of the concentration of water molecules in the reaction medium. Water is a byproduct of the side reactions, so the removal of water through heterogeneous azeotropic reactive distillation encouraged the side reactions, thus resulting in the formation of these byproducts …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the selectivity to TA was markedly increased in the WS, because of the water removal from the reaction medium through azeotropic distillation and further consecutive reactions of MA and DA to yield TA. However, water removal in the WS also leads to the formation of byproducts through oligomerization and polymerization reactions . When the reaction was carried out in the absence of the catalyst (control reaction), the glycerol conversions were about 95% and 100% in the CS and in WS, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Continuous System Based on Azeotropic Reactive Distillation to Enhance Triacetin Selectivity in Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid

Rastegari

Ghaziaskar

Yalpani³

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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Glycerol esterification with acetic acid was carried out in a continuous, easy-to-scale-up system using toluene as the entrainer. A water separation system was designed and coupled to an optimized continuous system. The continuous system operated at a temperature of 100 °C, an acetic acid-to-glycerol mole ratio of 7, a pressure of 1 bar, and a feed flow rate of 0.5 mL min–1 over 3 g of Amberlyst 36. Under these conditions, the glycerol conversion was 100% with 43%, 44%, and 13% selectivities to monoacetin, diacetin, and triacetin, respectively. Formation of byproducts was not observed under these conditions. When this continuous system was coupled to the designed simultaneous reactor and water separation system, containing 3 g of Amberlyst 36, these values changed to 0%, 15%, and 80%, respectively. Byproduct formation was observed with a selectivity of only 5% after the feed was passed from the water separation system. Continuous removal of the water formed in the reaction was done with toluene. As a result of this process, the chemical equilibrium shifted toward the TA production. The maximum selectivities obtained from experiments were 85% for MA, and 65% for DA. Amberlyst 15 and Purolite PD206 also was used for esterification reaction. Amberlyst 15 and Amberlyst 36 exhibited similar performances. A mixture of MA and DA was obtained through esterification of glycerol with trapped acetic acid in a Dean–Stark apparatus.

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Influence of ion-exchange resin catalysts on side reactions of the esterification of n-Butanol with acetic acid

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

Acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel synthesis

Acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel synthesis

Mechanisms of the regulation of ester balance between oxidation and esterification in aged Baijiu

Development of a Continuous System Based on Azeotropic Reactive Distillation to Enhance Triacetin Selectivity in Glycerol Esterification with Acetic Acid

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