Influence of ionic liquid on rheological behaviors of candle soot and cellulose nanocrystal filled natural rubber nanocomposites

Yasin, Sohail; Hussain, Munir; Zheng, Qiang; Song, Yihu

doi:10.1016/j.coco.2022.101214

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Table 3 joins the tensile test results, and it is evident that when MCC was treated with some IL, a significant improvement in both tensile and shear modulus occurred for the composites, especially for E/MCC_HO 2 10 and E/MCC_C 2 OH10. This could be due to a better filler distribution, yielding higher load transferring between the polymer matrix and reinforcement [ 18 , 24 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], stiffening the overall composite. This behavior could also be responsible for the decrease in the Poisson’s ratio, when the composites with IL-treated MCC are compared with those with pristine MCC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both in the glassy and rubbery regions, E/MCC_C 4 5, E/MCC_(HO 2 ) 2 10 and E/MCC_C 2 OH10 afforded improved storage moduli. For the corresponding composite of E/MCC_C 4 5 with the higher MCC_C 4 content of 10 wt.% (E/MCC_C 4 10), the gains in storage moduli were not only lost, but now the effect of IL was detrimental due to particle-particle touching and a lower interface formed between the epoxy matrix and MCC filler, which decreases the values for the normalized E’ in both glassy and rubbery regions [ 8 , 46 , 52 ] compared to E/MCC_C 4 5.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Compatibilizer Agents for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Epoxy Composites

et al. 2023

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Four imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, 1,3-dicarboxymethylimidazolium chloride and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methylimidazolium chloride) were tested as compatibilizers of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). Subsequently, ethanolic IL solutions were prepared; MCC was mixed, and the mixtures were left to evaporate the ethanol at ambient conditions. These modified MCC were characterized and applied as reinforcements (5.0 and 10 phr) in an epoxy resin aiming to manufacture biobased composites with enhanced performances. The IL did not significantly modify the morphological and structural characteristics of such reinforcements. Regarding the thermal stability, the slight increase was associated with the MCC-IL affinity. The IL-modified MCC-epoxy composites presented improved mechanical responses, such as flexural strength (≈22.5%) and toughness behavior (≈18.6%), compared with pure epoxy. Such improvement was also obtained for the viscoelastic response, where the storage modulus at the glassy state depended on the MCC amount and IL type. These differences were associated with stronger hydrogen bonding between IL and epoxy hardener or the IL with MCC, causing a “bridging” effect between MCC and epoxy matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Compatibilizer Agents for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Epoxy Composites

et al. 2023

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“…Due to VDW forces and adsorption effects [ 25 ], an interaction interface is formed between graphene and the polymer during the frictional wear process. Therefore, the interaction energy between graphene and the natural rubber matrix during the friction process is calculated and simulated based on Equation (9).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Thermomechanical and Tribological Properties of Graphene-Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Wang

Duan

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The thermomechanical and tribological properties of graphene (GNS)-reinforced NR were investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The amorphous molecular dynamics models of two nanocomposites, i.e., natural rubber (pure NR) and graphene/natural rubber (GNS/NR), were established. In addition, the thermodynamic properties of the two materials, before and after the incorporation of graphene into the natural rubber matrix, were investigated through analytical comparison. The results showed that after the graphene was added to the rubber matrix as a reinforcing material, the elastic modulus and shear modulus were increased by 110% and 94.8%, respectively, the tensile property was increased by 178%, the overall thermal conductivity of the composite system was increased by 59%, the glass transition temperature increased from 223 K to 236 K, and the rigidity of the material matrix was significantly improved. The inherent interactions and wear mechanisms of the polymer nanocomposites were discussed at the atomic scale by analyzing the changes in temperature, atomic velocity, relative atomic concentration, and radial distribution functions at the friction interface in the thickness direction.

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“…Recently, the usefulness of ionic liquids (ILs) in elastomer technology is gaining momentum towards engineering highperformance rubber composites. [37][38][39][40][41][42] The "environmentally friendly" characteristics of ILs, including high flexible solvating capacity, thermal stability, lower melting point, and near-zero vapour pressure, make them ideal for promoting the polymerfiller interface in widespread applications. Wen et al [39] developed an environmentally sustainable tire composite with high wear resistance using an interfacial bonding approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, IL improved the tensile strength and extensibility and weakened the Mullins effect. Yasin et al [42] introduced hybrid cellulose nanocrystal/ carbonaceous soot nanoparticles as a novel filler in NR-based composites. Here, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride is used to enhance the polymer-particle interaction and to improve particle dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black: A Dual Functional Sustainable Filler for Natural Rubber Composites

Abdul Sattar

2023

ChemSusChem

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The significant rise in end‐of‐life tires (ELTs) globally poses immediate environmental and human health risks. Therefore, to promote ELTs recycling and to reduce tire industry carbon emissions, herein we present a facile approach for fine‐tuning the interfacial interactions between pyrolytic carbon black (P‐CB) obtained from ELTs and natural rubber (NR) using phosphonium‐based ionic liquid (PIL). The reinforcing effect of PIL‐activated P‐CB was studied by replacing the furnace‐grade carbon black (N330‐CB) with varying PIL and P‐CB loadings. Adding PIL improved the filler dispersion and the cross‐linking kinetics with a substantially reduced zinc oxide loading. Considering the cross‐linking and viscoelastic properties, it was concluded that the composite, P‐CB/N330‐CB‐PIL (1.5) + ZnO (1) with half substitution of N330‐CB with P‐CB synergistically works with 1.5 phr PIL and 1 phr of ZnO resulting in improved dynamic‐mechanical properties with a minimal loss tangent at 60 °C (tanδ = 0.0689) and improved glass transition temperature (Tg = ‐ 38 °C) compared to control composite. The significant drop (~ 29 % lower) in tanδ could reduce fuel consumption and related CO2 emissions. We envisage that this strategy opens an essential avenue for “Green Tire Technology” towards the substantial pollution abatement from ELTs and reduces the toxic ZnO.

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Influence of ionic liquid on rheological behaviors of candle soot and cellulose nanocrystal filled natural rubber nanocomposites

Cited by 16 publications

References 30 publications

Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Compatibilizer Agents for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Epoxy Composites

Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Compatibilizer Agents for Microcrystalline Cellulose/Epoxy Composites

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Thermomechanical and Tribological Properties of Graphene-Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

Surface Activated Pyrolytic Carbon Black: A Dual Functional Sustainable Filler for Natural Rubber Composites

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