Influence of Ionic Liquids on Structure and Rheological Behaviors of Silica-Filled Butadiene Rubber

Abstract

Nanoparticle dispersion is important for the performance of rubber compounds. Herein, ionic liquids (ILs) and silane are used to prepare silica-filled butadiene rubber vulcanizates. The results show that replacement of a half of silane by ILs could greatly improve the dispersions of silica and zinc oxide, restrain the migration of sulfur and other additives inside the composite, and maintain the cross-linking degree of the matrix possibly by suppressing the adsorption of sulfur and other additives by silica. The regulated filler dispersity and matrix cross-linking strongly influence the dynamic rheological behaviors of the vulcanizates as a function of silica volume fraction. In comparison with silane, the introduction of ILs could improve the reinforcement effect, reduce energy dissipation, and lower the frequency dependences of loss modulus and loss tangent in the linear region.

Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Silica/Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Vulcanizates with Eco-Friendly Ionic Liquid

“…In particular, the migrations of silica and curatives play a vital role in the vulcanizates, which would deteriorate the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties during service. To attain good property stability, the filler–rubber interfacial interactions should be mediated crucially [ 49 , 51 ] while the general methodologies for the industry are not successful until the usage of ILs [ 43 ]. Figure 3 shows photographs of the compounds and vulcanizates after being stored at room temperature for one year.…”

“…Sulphur and accelerator CZ were mixed in the compounds for 10 min at 100 • C. The additives were expressed with different parts per hundred rubber (phr), as mentioned in Table 1. Si69 or Si69/[EMIM]OAc (1/1) mixture [43] was used as coupling agent for promoting silica dispersion. For further improvement of silica dispersion, the compounds were milled additionally on a two-roll mixer (XK-160, Zhanjiang Rubber and Plastic Machinery Co., Ltd., Zhanjiang, China) at room temperature.…”

“…The abundance of several elements on the surface of the Si69/[EMIM]OAc-containing vulcanizates is lower than those on the surface of the Si69-containing ones, revealing the improved dispersity of silica and the other additives during vulcanization of the nanocomposites containing [EMIM]OAc. methodologies for the industry are not successful until the usage of ILs [43]. Figure 3 shows photographs of the compounds and vulcanizates after being stored at room temperature for one year.…”

“…Phosphoniums demonstrate a catalyst role for the silanization reaction between silica and Si69 in styrene-butadiene rubber nanocomposites, which generally improves the silica dispersion and the silica–rubber interfacial interactions [ 21 ]. In silica filled butadiene rubber vulcanizates, the introduction of ILs (10 wt% of silica in weight) could effectively resolve the migration issue of rubber additives such as silica, sulphur and zinc oxide due to the improved interfacial interaction and crosslinking density in comparison with the traditional silane-incorporated vulcanizates [ 43 ].…”

The effects of rubber nanoparticles with different polarities on thermal properties and foaming performance of polypropylene blends

“…The plot of loss tangent (tan d) vs. u of the neat PP and PP blends [28][29][30][31][32][33] is shown in Fig. 4.…”