Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms

Rajagopal, V.; Ramadasan, A.; Kasturibai, K. V.; Balasimha, D.

doi:10.1007/bf00266159

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Irrigation treatments were applied from December to May over two consecutive years. At this time of the year, there was both soil and atmospheric (saturation deficits >3 kPa, as recorded from 10:00 to 12:00 hours) induced stress (Rajagopal et al ., 1989).…”

Section: Plant Water Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

Carr

2011

Ex. Agric.

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SUMMARYThe results of research on the water relations and irrigation needs of coconut are collated and summarized in an attempt to link fundamental studies on crop physiology to drought mitigation and irrigation practices. Background information on the centres of origin and production of coconut and on crop development processes is followed by reviews of plant water relations, crop water use and water productivity, including drought mitigation. The majority of the recent research published in the international literature has been conducted in Brazil, Kerala (South India) and Sri Lanka, and by CIRAD (France) in association with local research organizations in a number of countries, including the Ivory Coast. The unique vegetative structure of the palm (stem and leaves) together with the long interval between flower initiation and the harvesting of the mature fruit (44 months) mean that causal links between environmental factors (especially water) are difficult to establish. The stomata play an important role in controlling water loss, whilst the leaf water potential is a sensitive indicator of plant water status. Both stomatal conductance and leaf water potential are negatively correlated with the saturation deficit of the air. Although roots extend to depths >2 m and laterally >3 m, the density of roots is greatest in the top 0–1.0 m soil, and laterally within 1.0–1.5 m of the trunk. In general, dwarf cultivars are more susceptible to drought than tall ones. Methods of screening for drought tolerance based on physiological traits have been proposed. The best estimates of the actual water use (ETc) of mature palms indicate representative rates of about 3 mm d−1. Reported values for the crop coefficient (Kc) are variable but suggest that 0.7 is a reasonable estimate. Although the sensitivity of coconut to drought is well recognized, there is a limited amount of reliable data on actual yield responses to irrigation although annual yield increases (50%) of 20–40 nuts palm−1 (4–12 kg copra, cultivar dependent) have been reported. These are only realized in the third and subsequent years after the introduction of irrigation applied at a rate equivalent to about 2 mm d−1 (or 100 l palm−1 d−1) at intervals of up to one week. Irrigation increases female flower production and reduces premature nut fall. Basin irrigation, micro-sprinklers and drip irrigation are all suitable methods of applying water. Recommended methods of drought mitigation include the burial of husks in trenches adjacent to the plant, mulching and the application of common salt (chloride ions). An international approach to addressing the need for more information on water productivity is recommended.

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Section: Plant Water Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

Carr

2011

Ex. Agric.

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“…The influence of seasonal variations on gas exchange characteristics and biochemical constituents of coconut palms in a particular area have also been reported in earlier studies [7][8][9][10]. Weather factors are known to influence crop production especially under rainfall condition and of all the climatic factors, rainfall has maximum influence on the seasonal variation in yield [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Characterization of Annur and Bedakam Ecotypes of Coconut from Kerala State, India, Using Microsatellite Markers

Rajesh

Samsudeen

Rejusha

et al. 2014

International Journal of Biodiversity

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The coconut palm is versatile in its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climatic conditions. A long history of its cultivation has resulted in development of many ecotypes, which are adapted to various agro-eco factors prevalent in a particular region. These ecotypes usually are known by the location where they are grown. It is important to explore such adaptation in the coconut population for better utilization of these ecotypes in coconut breeding programs. The aim of the present study was to identify the genetic diversity of the Bedakam and Annur ecotypes of coconut and compare these ecotypes with predominant West Coast Tall (WCT) populations, from which they are presumed to have been derived, using microsatellite markers. All the 17 microsatellite markers used in the study revealed 100% polymorphism. The clustering analysis showed that Annur and Bedakam ecotypes were two separate and distinct populations compared to WCT. It was also evident from the clustering that Annur ecotype was closer to WCT than Bedakam ecotype.

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“…In another study Rajagopal et al ( 1989 ) recorded higher WUE in unirrigated palms than in irrigated palms. Wide variability is seen between the cultivars and hybrids with a range in WUE between 28.8 and 69.3 gDM mm −1 water.…”

Section: Response To Soil Moisturementioning

confidence: 91%

Plantation Crops Response to Climate Change: Coconut Perspective

Hebbar

Balasimha

Thomas

2013

Climate-Resilient Horticulture: Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies

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Plantation crops, mainly coconut, rubber, tea, coffee, oil palm, areca nut, cashew, and cocoa, are grown in ecologically sensitive areas such as coastal belts, hilly areas, and areas with high rainfall and high humidity. Among these coconut is a major multi-utility crop that plays a signi fi cant role in the economy of the countries, including 10 million farming communities in India. Climate change will affect coconut plantation through higher temperatures, elevated CO 2 concentration, precipitation changes, and increased weeds, incidence of pests and disease, and increased vulnerability of organic carbon pools. Unlike in seasonal crops, the impact of climate change will have long-standing ill effects in coconut since it is a perennial crop. In general, various approaches are used to mitigate risks associated with seasonal climate variability, including the adoption of the tolerant crop varieties and best management practices. In this chapter the response and adaptive strategies of coconut are discussed with respect to climate change and its associated consequences.

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Influence of irrigation on leaf water relations and dry matter production in coconut palms

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

THE WATER RELATIONS AND IRRIGATION REQUIREMENTS OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera): A REVIEW

Characterization of Annur and Bedakam Ecotypes of Coconut from Kerala State, India, Using Microsatellite Markers

Plantation Crops Response to Climate Change: Coconut Perspective

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