Influence of Jatropha curcas seeds as a natural flocculant on reducing Tin (IV) tetrachloride in the treatment of concentrated stabilised landfill leachate

Zainal, Sharifah Farah Fariza Syed; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Kadir, Mohd Omar Ab; Alazaiza, Motasem Y. D.

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131484

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, additional SnCl 4 in the leachate solution (presence as a negative ion) will create electrostatic force and promote agglomeration of particles inside the sample, which explains why SnCl 4 and ZrCl 4 performed well as a coagulant in this treatment. This result also agreed with Zainal et al (2021), which recorded high removal of COD, color, and suspended solid using SnCl 4 as coagulant. Moreover, a special characteristic as the four valence coagulants of ZrCl 4 and SnCl 4 can attract the negative surface charged particle better than the lower valence (divalent or trivalent) coagulant (Ramli et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, in this study, combination of SnCl 4 as coagulant with ozonation process (pre-treatment) is expected to reduce the dosage of SnCl 4 and increase the performance of the treatment. The properties of ZrCl 4 and SnCl 4 with high negative surface charge have enhanced the destabilization of pollutant particles as the opposite charge of electrolyte's ion can promote better coagulation-flocculation process and effectively remove the pollutant from the sample (Zainal et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment

Zakaria

Aziz

Mohamad

2022

Water Environment Research

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Landfill leachate is well known as a hazardous byproduct from dumpling sites that has a negative impact on the environment and human life. Therefore, an effective treatment is imperative to overcome this issue. This research study investigates the effectiveness of zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as a coagulant in leachate treatment. Two parameters selected as a performance indicator in this study are color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The data obtained showed that SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant with removal percentages of color and COD, which are 97% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential of integrated treatment using ozonation (O3) and the coagulation‐flocculation process was also investigated. Four sequences of integrated treatment setup for this study were ozonation followed by jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant), ozonation followed by jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant), jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process, and jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process. The experimental data showed that the combination treatment of SnCl4 as a coagulant (jar test) followed by the ozonation process had recorded the highest removal of color (97.1%) and COD (88%) compared to other sequences. Moreover, the biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28, compared with other methods. Comparatively, integrated treatment is more effective in treating stabilized landfill leachate compared to the coagulation flocculation process alone. Practitioner Points Stabilized landfill leachate is difficult to be treated by natural coagulants or biological process. SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant in removing COD and colour from landfill leachate compared to ZrCl4. However, too much usage of SnCl4 potentially generate secondary pollutant. Therefore, combination with O3 as pre‐treatment is investigated. Combination treatment of SnCl4 ( as coagulant) with O3 had recorded the highest removal of colour (97.1%) and COD (88%). The biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment

Zakaria

Aziz

Mohamad

2022

Water Environment Research

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“…Many parameters affect the efficiency of the coagulation process for water and wastewater treatments, and these parameters are varied to control the optimal conditions for the highest efficiency. Coagulant dosage, pH, turbidity, mixing speed and time, and temperature are the main operating factors affecting coagulation speed [31]. These factors significantly impact the coagulation process, affecting the effectiveness and efficiency of coagulants in water and wastewater purification processes.…”

Section: Factor Affecting Coagulation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review

Alazaiza

Albahnasawi

Ali

et al. 2022

Water

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Pharmaceutical contamination threatens both humans and the environment, and several technologies have been adapted for the removal of pharmaceuticals. The coagulation-flocculation process demonstrates a feasible solution for pharmaceutical removal. However, the chemical coagulation process has its drawbacks, such as excessive and toxic sludge production and high production cost. To overcome these shortcomings, the feasibility of natural-based coagulants, due to their biodegradability, safety, and availability, has been investigated by several researchers. This review presented the recent advances of using natural coagulants for pharmaceutical compound removal from aqueous solutions. The main mechanisms of natural coagulants for pharmaceutical removal from water and wastewater are charge neutralization and polymer bridges. Natural coagulants extracted from plants are more commonly investigated than those extracted from animals due to their affordability. Natural coagulants are competitive in terms of their performance and environmental sustainability. Developing a reliable extraction method is required, and therefore further investigation is essential to obtain a complete insight regarding the performance and the effect of environmental factors during pharmaceutical removal by natural coagulants. Finally, the indirect application of natural coagulants is an essential step for implementing green water and wastewater treatment technologies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landfilling is a very famous, recognised, and effective method for municipal solid waste management globally, owing to its low cost and simple operational mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Landfill leachate is one of the major issues of landfilling method [ 3 ]. Leachate is usually generated by water infiltration through the waste; hence, it often includes suspended or dissolved solids from the disposed of materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate

Aziz

Rahmat

Alazaiza

2021

IJERPH

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Chemical-based coagulants and flocculants are commonly used in the coagulation–flocculation process. However, the drawbacks of using these chemical materials have triggered researchers to find natural materials to substitute or reduce the number of chemical-based coagulants and flocculants. This study examines the potential application of Nephelium lappaceum seeds as a natural coagulant–coagulant aid with Tin (IV) chloride (SnCl4) in eliminating suspended solids (SS), colour, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from landfill leachate. Results showed that the efficiency of Nephelium lappaceum was low when used as the main coagulant in the standard jar test. When SnCl4 was applied as a single coagulant, as much as 98.4% of SS, 96.8% of colour and 82.0% of COD was eliminated at an optimal dose of 10.5 g/L and pH 7. The higher removal efficiency of colour (88.8%) was obtained when 8.40 g/L of SnCl4 was applied with a support of 3 g/L of Nephelium lappaceum. When SnCl4 was utilised as a coagulant, and Nephelium lappaceum seed was used as a flocculant, the removal of pollutants generally improved. Overall, this research showed that Nephelium lappaceum seed is a viable natural alternative for treating landfill leachate as a coagulant aid.

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Influence of Jatropha curcas seeds as a natural flocculant on reducing Tin (IV) tetrachloride in the treatment of concentrated stabilised landfill leachate

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment

Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment

Application of Natural Coagulants for Pharmaceutical Removal from Water and Wastewater: A Review

The Potential Use of Nephelium lappaceum Seed as Coagulant–Coagulant Aid in the Treatment of Semi-Aerobic Landfill Leachate

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