Influence of K on the Uptake, Translocation, and Reduction of Nitrate by Barley Seedlings<sup>1</sup>

Blevins, Dale G.; Hiatt, A. J.; Lowe, R. H.; Leggett, J. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1978.00021962007000030007x

Cited by 44 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Minotti et al (15) have shown that N03-uptake and translocation were impaired in the absence of either K+ or Ca2+. Blevins et al (4) showed that in roots of barley seedlings treated with Ca(NO3)2, N03-accumulation, organic acid accumulation, and NRA were much less than in KNO3-treated seedlings. Shaner and Boyer (19,20), by using NO3 depletion and cooling of roots and water stress, showed that the decrease in leaf NRA was due to decreased N03 flux to leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Minotti et al (15) showed that wheat seedlings absorbed no more N03 from KNO3 solution in the absence of Ca2" than from Ca(NO3)2 solution. In the presence of CaSO4, N03 u?take and assimilation were much greater with K+ than with Ca + as the countercation (4 …”

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confidence: 89%

“…Both the effects of N03-on cation uptake (3,11) and the effects of different cations on N03-uptake have been studied (4,15). In some experiments N03 uptake from KNO3 and NaNO3 were nearly the same (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Blevins¹,

Barnett²,

Frost³

1978

Plant Physiol.

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Wheat seedlings ( Tddcum vulgare) treated with 1 mM KNO3 or NaNO3, in the presence of 0.2 mM CaSO4, were compared during a 48-hour period with respect to nitrate uptake, translocatlon, accumulation and reduction; cation uptake and accumulation; and malate accumulation. Seedlngs treated with KNO3 absord and accumulated more nitrate, had higher nitrate reductase levels in leaves but less in roots, accumulated 17 times more malate in leaves, and accumulated more of the accompanying cation than seedlings treated with NaNO3. Within seedlns of each treatment, changes in nitrate reductase activity and malate accumulation were parallel in leaves and in roots. Despite the great difference in malate accumulation, leaves of the KNO3-treated seedlgs had only slightly greater levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase than leaves of NaNO3-treated seedlings. NADP-malic enzyme levels increased only slightiy in leaves and roots of both KNO3-and NaNO3-treated seedlns. The effects of K+ and Na+ on all of these parameters can best be explained by their effects on nitrate translocation, which in turn affects the other parameters. In a separate experiment, we confirmed that phospboenolpyruvate carboxylase activity increased about 2-fold during 36 hours of KNO3 treatment, and increased only slightly in the KCI control.(2), in which K+ is an integral part of a NO3--malate shuttle between roots and shoots.Jackson and Coleman (10) first showed the presence of PEP carboxylase in roots, and proposed the PEP carboxylase-malic dehydrogenase pathway for malate accumulation in roots. This pathway, together with malic enzyme for decarboxylation of malate, have been proposed as a mechanism for pH regulation during nitrate assimilation (18, 21), but the hypothesis has not been explicitly tested. We report here the effects of NO3 and its salts on changes in activity of carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes.Dijkshoorn et al. (6) have shown that internal HCO3, from the decarboxylation of organic acids, was exchanged for external N03 . Also, Ben-Zioni et al. (2) have shown that tobacco roots can secrete more H"CO3-into the medium when N03 is supplied than when Cl-is supplied. The source of H14CO3 was most likely malate, previously synthesized from 14C02 supplied to the leaves.These data also implied an exchange of HCO3 for external NO3.Since there is no a priori reason why this exchange should depend on the presence of K+, we predicted that activity of the reputed decarboxylase, NADP malic enzyme (5), should not be affected by the cation accompanying N03 in the medium. This prediction was fulfilled by experiment.Both the effects of N03-on cation uptake (3, 11) and the effects of different cations on N03-uptake have been studied (4, 15). In some experiments N03 uptake from KNO3 and NaNO3 were nearly the same (16 (Plant Physiol. 56: S-227, 1975 MATERIALS AND METHODSSeeds of wheat (Triticum vulgare L. cv. Arthur) were cultured according to the methods of Blevins et al. (3). The seeds were soaked for 24 hr in continuously aerated deionized ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 89%

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Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Blevins¹,

Barnett²,

Frost³

1978

Plant Physiol.

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“…An interaction between K+ and NO3 at all stages of nitrate metabolism, beginning with the uptake by roots (4,5,13) until the synthesis of protein (17,24,25) has been confirmed in a few autotrophic species. But the mechanisms involved in the K-induced promotion of NRA' and protein synthesis remain to be explained.…”

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confidence: 92%

Development of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Expanding Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum in Relation to the Concentration of Nitrate and Potassium

Wakhloo

Staudt²

1988

Plant Physiol.

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Up to 80% of the total nitrate reductase activity (NRA) determined in vivo in different parts of vegetative tobacco plant (Nicoliana tabacum) was located in the leaves. The NRA reached a peak when a leaf had expanded to 27% of its final weight and 33% of its final area. Thereafter, with advancing expansion and age ofthe leaf, the activity declined. This pattern of development of NRA during the ontogenesis of leaves was not influenced by raising the supply of NO3-from 3 to 6 milliequivalent per cubic decimeter in the substrate solution. The concentration of NO3-in leaves, stem and root was inversely related to NRA at both NO3-levels. Raising the supply of K+ from 1 to 6 milliequivalent per cubic decimeter at either concentration of NO3-slowed down the development of NRA in the initial stages of expansion, but promoted it subsequently. The peak of the activity which developed in a leaf of 62% of its final area was higher at the higher supply of K+. The higher activity was maintained thereafter in the expanding and in matured and older leaves. It was concluded that NRA and the pattern of its development in expanding leaves is related to the availability of metabolites and their incorporation into enzyme proteins. Both these processes are influenced by: (a) the vertical profile of concentration of K+ in the shoot and (b) the concentration of K+ in a leaf, which depend upon its supply.The rate of growth of leaves as well as their final weight and area achieved during vegetative phase in Nicotiana tabacum are influenced by the supply of K+ to the plant (24). The slower rate of growth during the initial stage of expansion and its promotion in later stages resulting from a high K+ supply are consistently accompanied by corresponding changes in the content of soluble protein in the leaves, which remained higher in the matured and the older leaves (24). Although up to 60% of the soluble protein in mature leaves represents enzymes involved in autotrophic reactions, comprehensive studies on their development during the ontogenesis of leaves are few and limited to the enzymes involved in photosynthesis (6,10,12,22). Changes in the content of soluble protein during the expansion of leaves must also involve changes in the assimilation of nitrogen. The decrease in soluble protein in initial stages of expansion and the promotion in advanced stages resulting from a higher supply of K+ could therefore be related to the capacity to utilize NO3-developed during leaf expansion.An interaction between K+ and NO3 at all stages of nitrate metabolism, beginning with the uptake by roots (4, 5, 13) until the synthesis of protein (17,24,25) has been confirmed in a few autotrophic species. But the mechanisms involved in the K-induced promotion of NRA' and protein synthesis remain to be explained. However, the possibility of a direct involvement of the cation at intracellular concentrations of 100 to 200 ,ueq ml-I at the biochemical level is generally excluded (3,23,24). On the other hand, NRA, reported to be regulated by NO3 --flux in...

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“…Blevins et al (1978) mentioned that K has an important role as a counter ion for the uptake and translocation of nitrate (NO3 -) within the plant. Foliar K sprays can be an effective method to shorten the time required for uptake compared to soil application (Embleton et al ., 1969) .…”

Section: -3 Fe Mn Zn and Cu Leaf Contents (Ppm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Potassium Fertilization on Growth, Flowering, Corms Production and Chemical Contents of Gladiolus hybrida, L. Cv. "Rose Supreme"

2016

Alexandria Science Exchange Journal: An International Quarterly

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A pot experiment was conducted on Gladiolus hybrida cv."Rose Supreme" throughout the two successive growing seasons 2014 and 2015 in Antoniades Botanical Gardens, Horticulture Research Institute, Alex., Egypt to study the effect of potassium sulphate (48%K 2 O) foliar spray, applied at (1% and 2%) alone or combined with three percentages of the recommended (2g pot) soil amended potassium (50%, 75% and 100%), on growth, flowering quality and chemical constituents of gladiolus. Whereas, the control treatment was only, applying the complete percentage of the recommended soil amendment of potassium (100%). The results revealed that applying K foliar treatments significantly affected all the studied parameters compared to the control. The results indicated that applying 2% K foliar combined with 100% potassium soil dressing gave the highest significant values of plant height, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight of leaves, number of florets per spike, floret diameter, spike length, fresh and dry weights of florets, new corm diameter, fresh weight and cormlets number per plant as well as leaf chlorophyll a and b contents and petals anthocyanins content. The results revealed that fertilizing the plants with 2% K foliar combined with 75% K as soil dressing advanced flowering dates by 4.47 days and 5.66 days than the control, for the first and second seasons, respectively. Also, it was also observed that applying 2% K foliar combined with 75% K as soil dressing had significant similar effects on floret diameter trait. The data also showed that, fertilizing the plants with 2% K foliar combined either with 100% or 75% K as soil dressing had similar effects on new corm diameter and fresh weight. Applying 2% K foliar combined with 75% K as soil dressing gave significantly superior anthocyanins content values than those obtained with fertilizing the plants with 100% K as soil dressing alone (the control). Regarding the effect of K foliar treatments on leaf nutrient contents, the results indicated that applying 2% K foliar combined with 100% potassium soil dressing gave the highest significant values of leaf N, proteins and P contents. Also, the results revealed that no significant differences were recorded due to applying 2% K foliar combined with 75% K as soil dressing and the control treatment for both of N and proteins contents. Whereas, the highest significant leaf K content values were recorded as a result of applying 100% K as soil dressing. The data revealed that the highest significant values of leaf Fe, Mn and Cu contents (ppm) were recorded as a result of applying 2% K foliar combined with 100% K as soil dressing for both seasons. Also, fertilizing the plants with 2% K foliar combined with either with 75% or 100% K as soil dressing gave similar effects on leaf Fe and Mn contents.It can be concluded that when applying potassium sulphate as a foliar spray combined with potassium soil dressing, it has a potential effect on growth parameters. Also, potassium foliar spray can be used as a partial subs...

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Influence of K on the Uptake, Translocation, and Reduction of Nitrate by Barley Seedlings¹

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Development of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Expanding Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum in Relation to the Concentration of Nitrate and Potassium

Effect of Potassium Fertilization on Growth, Flowering, Corms Production and Chemical Contents of Gladiolus hybrida, L. Cv. "Rose Supreme"

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Influence of K on the Uptake, Translocation, and Reduction of Nitrate by Barley Seedlings1

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Role of Potassium and Malate in Nitrate Uptake and Translocation by Wheat Seedlings

Development of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Expanding Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum in Relation to the Concentration of Nitrate and Potassium

Effect of Potassium Fertilization on Growth, Flowering, Corms Production and Chemical Contents of Gladiolus hybrida, L. Cv. "Rose Supreme"

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Influence of K on the Uptake, Translocation, and Reduction of Nitrate by Barley Seedlings¹