Influence of Ketamine–Xylazine Anaesthesia on Cubic and Quadratic High-Frequency Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions

Schlenther, D.; Voss, Cornelia; Kössl, Manfred

doi:10.1007/s10162-014-0470-z

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…We measured the cochlear audiogram of 6 adult awake C. perspicillata (3 males, 3 females) by means of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). DPOAEs are a by-product of nonlinear ear mechanics and they represent a non-invasive objective method for measuring sensitivity and tuning of the cochlear amplifier [42][43][44] . We focused on the cubic DPOAEs that occur at frequencies of 2f1-f2, were f2 and f1 represent the frequencies of two sounds produced simultaneously by loudspeakers placed closed to the bats' tympanic membrane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats distress vocalizations carry fast amplitude modulations that could represent an acoustic correlate of roughness

Hechavarría

Beetz

García‐Rosales

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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communication sounds are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, where they play a role in advertising physiological states and/or socio-contextual scenarios. Human screams, for example, are typically uttered in fearful contexts and they have a distinctive feature termed as "roughness", which depicts amplitude fluctuations at rates from 30-150 Hz. In this article, we report that the occurrence of fast acoustic periodicities in harsh sounding vocalizations is not unique to humans. A roughness-like structure is also present in vocalizations emitted by bats (species Carollia perspicillata) in distressful contexts. We report that 47.7% of distress calls produced by bats carry amplitude fluctuations at rates ~1.7 kHz (>10 times faster than temporal modulations found in human screams). In bats, rough-like vocalizations entrain brain potentials and are more effective in accelerating the bats' heart rate than slow amplitude modulated sounds. our results are consistent with a putative role of fast amplitude modulations (roughness in humans) for grabbing the listeners attention in situations in which the emitter is in distressful, potentially dangerous, contexts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats distress vocalizations carry fast amplitude modulations that could represent an acoustic correlate of roughness

Hechavarría

Beetz

García‐Rosales

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…This implies that the maximum stimulus frequency (88 kHz) and the maximum 2f1-f2 DPOAE frequency (74 kHz) were slightly below the Nyquist frequency (96 kHz) which was sufficient to obtain reliable measurements (see Schlenther et al 2014). In order to measure DPOAEs, the tympanal organ was stimulated simultaneously with two pure tones of different frequencies f1 < f2 with a fixed f2/f1 ratio of 1.09.…”

Section: Dpoae Recordingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected dynamic up-tuning of auditory organs in day-flying moths

et al. 2015

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In certain nocturnal moth species the frequency range of best hearing shifts to higher frequencies during repeated sound stimulation. This could provide the moths with a mechanism to better detect approaching echolocating bats. However, such a dynamic up-tuning would be of little value for day-flying moths that use intra-specific acoustic communication. Here we examined if the ears of day-flying moths provide stable tuning during longer sound stimulation. Contrary to our expectations, dynamic up-tuning was found in the ear of the day-flying species Urania boisduvalii and Empyreuma pugione. Audiograms were measured with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The level of the dominant distortion product (i.e. 2f1-f2) varied as a function of time by as much as 45 dB during ongoing acoustic stimulation, showing a systematic decrease at low frequencies and an increase at high frequencies. As a consequence, within about 2 s of acoustic stimulation, the DPOAEs audiogram shifted from low to high frequencies. Despite the up-tuning, the range of best audition still fell within the frequency band of the species-specific communication signals, suggesting that intra-specific communication should not be affected adversely. Up-tuning could be an ancestral condition in moth ears that in day-flying moths does not underlie larger selection pressure.

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“…We measured the cochlear audiogram of 6 adult awake C. perspicillata (3 males, 3 females) by means of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). DPOAEs are a byproduct of nonlinear ear mechanics and they represent a non-invasive objective method for measuring sensitivity and tuning of the cochlear amplifier [51][52][53] . We focused on the cubic DPOAEs that occur at frequencies of 2f1-f2, were f2 and f1 represent the frequencies of two sounds produced simultaneously by loudspeakers placed closed to the bats' tympanic membrane.…”

Section: Khz: the Missing Fundamental Of Fpvs That Does Not Trigger Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ratio between f1 and f2 was kept constant at 1.25 and there was a level difference of 10 dB between the sounds to optimize stimulus parameters (see Refs. 53,54 ). To test for the occurrence of DPOAEs, two stimulus level combinations were used (L1/L2 =50/60, 80/70 dB SPL).…”

Section: Khz: the Missing Fundamental Of Fpvs That Does Not Trigger Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superfast periodicities in distress vocalizations emitted by bats

Hechavarría

Beetz

García‐Rosales

et al. 2019

Preprint

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spectrum Abbreviations:AM: amplitude modulation, d: Cliff's delta, DPOAE; distortion product otoacoustic emissions, FFR: frequency following response, FOI, frequency of interest, FPV: fast periodic vocalizations, HND: harmonic-to-noise difference, HR: heart rate, iEEG: intracortical encephalogram, IQR; interquartile range, MPS: modulation power spectrum, qCF-FM: quasiconstant frequencyfrequency modulated, SFM: sinusoidal frequency modulation, SVM: support vector machine, TMS: temporal modulation spectrum. AbstractCommunication sounds are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, where they play a role in advertising physiological states and/or socio-contextual scenarios. Distress sounds, for example, are typically uttered in distressful scenarios such as agonistic interactions. Here, we report on the occurrence of superfast temporal periodicities in distress calls emitted by bats (species Carollia perspicillata). Distress vocalizations uttered by this bat species are temporally modulated at frequencies close to 1.7 kHz, that is, ~17 times faster than modulation rates observed in human screams. Fast temporal periodicities are represented in the bats' brain by means of frequency following responses, and temporally periodic sounds are more effective in boosting the heart rate of awake bats than their demodulated versions. Altogether, our data suggest that bats, an animal group classically regarded as ultrasonic, can exploit the low frequency portion of the soundscape during distress calling to create spectro-temporally complex, arousing sounds.

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Influence of Ketamine–Xylazine Anaesthesia on Cubic and Quadratic High-Frequency Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions

Cited by 10 publications

References 62 publications

Bats distress vocalizations carry fast amplitude modulations that could represent an acoustic correlate of roughness

Bats distress vocalizations carry fast amplitude modulations that could represent an acoustic correlate of roughness

Unexpected dynamic up-tuning of auditory organs in day-flying moths

Superfast periodicities in distress vocalizations emitted by bats

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