Influence of knee flexion and femoral cross-pin insertion angle on posterolateral structures of the knee and lateral fixation lengths during ACL reconstruction

Abstract

The cross-pin was inserted close to the LCL and PT, and a downward 30° angle was the safest insertion angle. Lateral fixation length was sufficient for the cross-pin fixation in the 10:30- or 1:30-positioned femoral tunnel.

A descriptive and morphometric study of the fabellofibular, arcuate popliteal and popliteofibular ligaments

“…[4,6] These injuries were usually indicated by pathologic external tibial rotation and varus instability. [29] Reconstruction of the arcuate ligament complex for the posterolateral rotatory instability has been reported for the first time by Hughston and Jacobson.…”

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Injuries of posterolateral knee structures are uncommon, however they are functionally important as these structures play a major role in dynamic and static stabilization of the knee against varus and external rotation stresses. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The posterolateral corner of the knee (PLC) has been defined as the "dark side" by orthopedists because of its complex structure. [1,4,7,8] In addition, there are discrepancies between descriptions of the various ligamentous structures such as the fabellofibular (FF), arcuate popliteal (AL) and popliteofibular (PF) ligaments in the literature.

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