Influence of lamination process on optical fiber sensors embedded in composite material

Lesiak, Piotr; Szeląg, M.; Budaszewski, Daniel; Plaga, Robert; Mileńko, Karolina; Rajan, Ginu; Semenova, Yuliya; Farrell, Gerald; Boczkowska, Anna; Domański, Andrzej W.; Woliński, Tomasz R.

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2012.03.010

Cited by 30 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Depending on the orientation of the fiber relative to the generated stress, changes in birefringence due to the polymerization shrinkage can be either positive or negative [5,6]. It is not easy to measure birefringence changes of the HB fiber that occur during the lamination process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation may evolve when the polymer HB PCF has been laminated into a composite material. The polymerization shrinkage of a composite material during the lamination process is responsible for deformations in the polymer HB PCF [6]. These deformations are visible when both cross sections of the optical fibers before and after the lamination process have been compared.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Numerical Analysis of Stress Distribution in Embedded Polymer and Silica-Glass Highly Birefringent Fibers

Lesiak

Szostkiewicz

Woliński

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The paper presents a numerical analysis of influence of polymerization shrinkage on selected polymer and silica-based highly birefringent (HB) optical fibers embedded in a composite material. Since polymerization is a chemical process consisting in combining many molecules into a macromolecular compound, the direction of polymerization shrinkage depends on the number of constituent composite surfaces. A detailed analysis of the piezo-optic effects occurring in HB fibers before and after the lamination process is presented. An answer to the question to what extent we are able to properly diagnose a degree of degradation of the material is also provided.Index Terms-Composite material, coupling mode method, finite element method, optical fiber sensor, stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Analysis of Stress Distribution in Embedded Polymer and Silica-Glass Highly Birefringent Fibers

Lesiak

Szostkiewicz

Woliński

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…However, fiber sensors embedded in composite materials behave in a different way than open-air sensors. Composite materials elongates with temperature, and this causes temperature induced strain of the embedded sensing fiber [4]. Even if the fiber optic sensor is temperature insensitive, sensor readout changes with temperature variations due to change in sensor length transferred from the composite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarimetric and Fiber Bragg Grating reflective hybrid sensor for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature in composite material

et al. 2015

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In order to measure strain independently from temperature, hybrid solution based on a polarimetric and chirped Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors is proposed. The sensor is designed in a reflective configuration, where the chirped FBG is written on a highly birefringent (HB) fiber. The FBG act as a sensing element and also as a mirror for the polarimetric sensor. Information from both polarimetric and FBG part of the sensor can be determined independently from spectral analysis of the reflected light. Strain and temperature sensitivity of the proposed sensor solution is measured. Relation between both sensitivities are different for the FBG and the polarimetric sensor. Taking advantage of this, both temperature and strain can be determined by using only one sensing fiber.

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“…FBGs can be used for strain and temperature and other measurements such as pressure, acceleration and displacement [1][2][3]. Additionally, they can be easily suited to composite materials made of reinforced glass and carbon fiber because of their similar mechanical properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].Changes in strain affect both the effective refractive index n eff and the grating period Λ of FBG, which results in a shift in the reflected wavelength:2 ,where λ B is the Bragg wavelength and Δε is the relative strain change of FBG defined as:where Δl is the length change of FBG and l is the initial length of FBG. In order to determine the level of degradation of a composite material, a novel generation of FBGs has been used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of strain induced effect on linear shape fiber Bragg grating embedded in composite material

Szeląg¹,

Lesiak²,

Budaszewski³

et al. 2016

Photon. Lett. Poland

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Abstract-In this work experimental results are presented of strain induced effects on a linear shape fiber Bragg grating embedded in a composite material. Mechanical analysis of the composite material has been numerically performed by using commercially available software Ansys. Advanced Bragg gratings make it possible to simplify detection systems, calibration process of fiber optic sensors and quasi -spot metering.Fiber Bragg grating sensors (FBGs) are optical sensors recorded within the core of a standard single-mode optical fiber. FBGs can be used for strain and temperature and other measurements such as pressure, acceleration and displacement [1][2][3]. Additionally, they can be easily suited to composite materials made of reinforced glass and carbon fiber because of their similar mechanical properties [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].Changes in strain affect both the effective refractive index n eff and the grating period Λ of FBG, which results in a shift in the reflected wavelength:2 ,where λ B is the Bragg wavelength and Δε is the relative strain change of FBG defined as:where Δl is the length change of FBG and l is the initial length of FBG. In order to determine the level of degradation of a composite material, a novel generation of FBGs has been used. A linear shape FBG (LSFBG) is a special type of chirped fiber Bragg grating, characterized by linear variation in the grating period. In our studies, we used an LSFBG manufactured by O/E Land Inc. which was inscribed in SMF-28 optical fiber of a length of 15mm, for the central wavelength at 1300nm. The LSFBG was embedded between the 4 th and 5 th ply of a composite structure consisting of six carbon fiber layers. These layers are stacked in order 0°/0°/0°/0°/0°/0°. The sample was 300-* E-mail: matsze@if.pw.edu.pl mm-long, 40-mm-wide and 0.9-mm-thick. The sensing part of the LSFBG was located 150mm from the left side of the composite plate. A superluminescent diode (SLD) operating at the central wavelength of 1300nm was used as an input light source. The Bragg wavelength displacement of the LSFBG sensor was measured by using an optical spectrum analyzer (ANDO AQ 6315E) and a simple power meter KI9600A (Fig. 1). A typical transmitted spectrum of the LSFBG is presented in Fig. 2. The optimal power of SLD is 2mW. The material used to fabricate a composite structure is called prepreg. These preimpregnated semi-finished products offer maximum material performance, especially for complex components. The mechanical parameters of the carbon fiber composite material used in our study are shown in Tab

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Influence of lamination process on optical fiber sensors embedded in composite material

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Numerical Analysis of Stress Distribution in Embedded Polymer and Silica-Glass Highly Birefringent Fibers

Numerical Analysis of Stress Distribution in Embedded Polymer and Silica-Glass Highly Birefringent Fibers

Polarimetric and Fiber Bragg Grating reflective hybrid sensor for simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature in composite material

Investigation of strain induced effect on linear shape fiber Bragg grating embedded in composite material

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