Urban heat island effect has become increasingly severe, causing a series of negative impacts on people's physical and mental health. Urban parks have a significant cold island effect, which can effectively alleviate the thermal environment. From the perspectives of the physiological and psychological needs of urban residents, this study establishes four indicator criteria: surface temperature (LST), heat island patch area (S), population density (PD), and accessibility (AI), with aiming for constructing a quantitative evaluation system for cold island demand; Indicators and weights are calculated through research methods such as surface temperature retrieval, mean standard deviation method, kernel density analysis, improved two-step moving search method, subjective and objective weighting method. This study selects 59 urban parks within the main urban area of Wuhan and uses the above evaluation system to calculate the cold island demand index, in order to generate a map of Wuhan park’s cold island demand distribution. The results show the following: (1) the total cold island demand urgent area in Wuhan’s main urban area is 459.4 km2, among which the most urgently needed area (demand level III) is 78.2 km2, accounting for 11.1% of the research area. This demand area has obvious spatial characteristics, particularly scattered multicore and spatial distribution along the main road. (2) The cold island demand in Wuhan, particularly in areas classified under demand level III, can be attributed to three main reasons: lack of walking accessibility, high population density, and lack of ecological coverage. Finally, on the basis of three categories, the most typical and urgent points are selected and then optimization measures are proposed based on the actual nature of land planning and ecological conditions, which can contribute to the alleviation of urban thermal environment in Wuhan.