Influence of Land Reclamation on Fresh Groundwater Lenses in Oceanic Islands: Laboratory and Numerical Validation

Sheng, Chong; Jiao, Jiu Jimmy; Xu, Hengchao; Liu, Yi; Luo, Xin

doi:10.1029/2021wr030238

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sheng et al concluded that the lower hydraulic conductivity of filling materials, higher reclamation length, and thickness could result in a larger volume of fresh groundwater. 29 There is currently limited study on the effects of land reclamation on island groundwater systems on time scales. In the study of atoll island groundwater systems, these islands are often represented as symmetrical models with homogeneous aquifer features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time Scale of the Formation of Fresh Groundwater Lens on an Atoll Island under the Influence of Land Reclamation

Meng,

Zheng,

Zheng

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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For atolls, fresh groundwater lens (FGL) represents a crucial resource. Land reclamation is a common way of expanding the FGL. However, few studies have examined the effects of land reclamation on the FGL on the time scale. In this study, we are the first to quantify the effect of land reclamation on the time scale of dynamic processes in FGL. It was found that reclamation length and thickness had a much greater effect on fresh groundwater volume and lens stabilization time than the hydraulic conductivity of filling materials. Specifically, the fresh groundwater volume increased 1.18 times, and the lens stabilization time increased 1.12 times for every 1.67-fold increase in reclamation length. Furthermore, enhancing reclamation thickness from 1 to 12 m notably extended the lens stabilization time from over 15 to 46 years. Meanwhile, the effect on fresh groundwater volume diminished with an increasing reclamation length and thickness. Thus, extensive reclamation on atolls may not yield the expected outcomes, leading to high reusability and time costs. This work provides insights into the effects of land reclamation on FGL and evaluates these effects in terms of time. This valuable insight can guide the use of land reclamation to obtain more freshwater resources in a shorter period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the investigation of the impact of filling materials and reclamation scale on FGL. Sheng et al concluded that the lower hydraulic conductivity of filling materials, higher reclamation length, and thickness could result in a larger volume of fresh groundwater …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Scale of the Formation of Fresh Groundwater Lens on an Atoll Island under the Influence of Land Reclamation

Meng,

Zheng,

Zheng

et al. 2024

ACS EST Water

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“…Recently, fresh groundwater lenses (FGL) in coastal reclamation islands have received more attention. Sheng et al (2020) and Sheng et al (2021) respectively, used a numerical model (a numerical model of variable density flow and solute transport) and a combination of various methods (sandtank experiments, sharp-interface analytical solutions, and numerical modeling) to study the influence of land reclamation on FGL and GWL in the South China Sea. However, the numerical model is limited by field data, and the combination of various methods ignores the influence of tidal fluctuation which affects the vertical flow and the release or compression of water [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sheng et al (2020) and Sheng et al (2021) respectively, used a numerical model (a numerical model of variable density flow and solute transport) and a combination of various methods (sandtank experiments, sharp-interface analytical solutions, and numerical modeling) to study the influence of land reclamation on FGL and GWL in the South China Sea. However, the numerical model is limited by field data, and the combination of various methods ignores the influence of tidal fluctuation which affects the vertical flow and the release or compression of water [24,25]. Ling et al (2021) used a three-dimensional numerical model of variable density flow and solute transport to study the impact of island urbanization on FGL on a small coral island in Sansha City, Hainan Province, China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zhang et al (2019) considered the short-term variations of GWL [14]. Sheng et al (2021) and Zhang et al (2021), respectively, used new analytical solutions and a combination of various methods to study the response of GWL change to land reclamation in coastal areas. However, new analytical solutions ignore the real characteristics of the actual reclamation site and the combination of various methods overlookes the impact of tidal fluctuations [25,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Groundwater Response to Tide Fluctuation and Rainfall in Coastal Reclamation Area

et al. 2022

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Land reclamation not only provides valuable space for urban development, but also creates an upper aquifer in fill materials. Analysis of groundwater level (GWL) fluctuations in coastal aquifer formed due to land reclamation can provide important insight into the groundwater system (GWS) evolution, including the connectivity between the GWL and influencing variables (ocean tide and rainfall). This study presents wavelet analysis, multichannel SSA-wavelet analysis (MSSA-WA), and lag correlations to analyze the response of GWL to ocean tide and rainfall in the reclamation area of Zhoushan Island, China. The MSSA-WA results and the lag correlations show that the MSSA-WA provides better analysis results, specifically, clay layer and rainfall filtered information. The influence of the influencing variables on the upper GWL is relatively greater than the clay layer, and rainfall has a relatively stronger impact on GWLs than tides. The GWLs of the upper layer, SW18 and SW21, which are heavily influenced by influencing variables, can be predicted through variations in influencing variables. Finally, the analysis of the results shows that the lithology of different aquifers, offshore distance, preferential flow path, and pressure load can be factors between tides and GWLs. For rainfall and GWLs, different lithology of aquifers, properties of vadose zone, and topography can be influential factors. The combination method provides an optimization method for GWL fluctuations in coastal reclamation area with combined MSSA and wavelet analysis for correlation analysis between GWL and influencing variables (ocean tide and rainfall) and analysis of corresponding causes and influencing factors.

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How to conduct variable-density sand tank experiments: practical hints and tips

Stoeckl

Houben

2023

Hydrogeol J

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Sand tank experiments are a powerful tool for the investigation and visualization of groundwater flow dynamics. Especially when studying coastal aquifers, where the presence of both fresh and saline water induces complex variable-density flow and transport processes, the controlled laboratory settings of tank experiments help scientists to identify general patterns and features. This technical note provides practical information on planning, conducting and evaluating sand tank experiments, with a focus on application to coastal hydrogeology. Materials, e.g. the sand tank itself, liquids and porous media, are discussed, as well as their handling and auxiliary equipment. The collation of hints and tips is intended to guide novices, as well as experienced researchers, and possibly prevent them from repeating the errors that have been encountered during a long history of experimental work conducted by the authors and researchers associated with many other published studies.

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Influence of Land Reclamation on Fresh Groundwater Lenses in Oceanic Islands: Laboratory and Numerical Validation

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

Time Scale of the Formation of Fresh Groundwater Lens on an Atoll Island under the Influence of Land Reclamation

Time Scale of the Formation of Fresh Groundwater Lens on an Atoll Island under the Influence of Land Reclamation

Groundwater Response to Tide Fluctuation and Rainfall in Coastal Reclamation Area

How to conduct variable-density sand tank experiments: practical hints and tips

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