Influence of landscape, habitat, and species co-occurrence on occupancy dynamics of Canada Warblers

Grinde, Alexis R.; Niemi, Gerald J.

doi:10.1650/condor-15-168.1

Cited by 13 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In New Hampshire, the Canada Warbler demonstrated similar reproductive performance in early and late seral habitats as long as the understory structure was similar (Hallworth et al 2008a, b, Reitsma et al 2008. In contrast, Canada Warblers were less persistent in younger forest stands in Minnesota, suggesting reproductive success may have been lower in these stands (Grinde and Niemi 2016). Land use practices that support retention or recruitment of dense shrubby understory could further enhance the conservation value of managed forests for Canada Warblers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional habitat needs of a nationally listed species, Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), in Alberta, Canada

Ball¹,

Sólymos²,

Schmiegelow³

et al. 2016

ACE

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ABSTRACT. Understanding factors that affect the distribution and abundance of species is critical to developing effective management plans for conservation. Our goal was to quantify the distribution and abundance of Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), a threatened old-forest associate in Alberta, Canada. The Canada Warbler has declined across its range, including in Alberta where habitat loss and alteration from urban expansion, forestry, and energy development are changing the forest landscape. We used 110,427 point count survey visits from 32,287 unique survey stations to model local-level (150-m radius circular buffers) and stand-level (564-m radius circular buffers) habitat associations of the Canada Warbler. We found that habitat supporting higher densities of Canada Warblers was locally concentrated yet broadly distributed across Alberta's boreal forest region. Canada Warblers were most commonly associated with older deciduous forest at the local scale, particularly near small, incised streams, and greater amounts of deciduous forest at the stand scale. Predicted density was lower in other forest types and younger age classes measured at the local scale. There was little evidence that local-scale fragmentation (i.e., edges created by linear features) influenced Canada Warbler abundance. However, current forestry practices in the province likely will reduce the availability of Canada Warbler habitat over time by cutting old deciduous forest stands. Our results suggest that conservation efforts aimed at Canada Warbler focus on retaining large stands of old deciduous forest, specifically stands adjacent to streams, by increasing the width of deciduous retention buffers along streams during harvest and increasing the size and number of old forest residual patches in harvested stands.Besoins régionaux en matière d'habitat d'une espèce inscrite sur la liste nationale d'espèces en péril, la Paruline du Canada (Cardellina canadensis), en Alberta, Canada RÉSUMÉ. La compréhension des facteurs qui influent sur la répartition et l'abondance d'une espèce est importante si l'on veut élaborer des plans de gestion efficaces pour sa conservation. L'objectif de notre étude était de quantifier la répartition et l'abondance de la Paruline du Canada (Cardellina canadensis), une espèce menacée associée aux forêts âgées en Alberta, Canada. Les effectifs de la Paruline du Canada ont diminué dans l'ensemble de son aire, y compris en Alberta où la perte et la modification d'habitat attribuables à l'étalement urbain, aux pratiques forestières et aux activités de développement énergétique modifient le paysage forestier. Nous avons utilisé 110 427 dénombrements à partir de 32 287 stations d'écoute afin de modéliser l'association de la Paruline du Canada avec l'habitat à l'échelle locale (rayon de 150 m autour de la station) et à celle du peuplement (rayon de 564 m autour de la station). Nous avons trouvé que les milieux qui hébergeaient les densités les plus élevées de Paruline du Canada étaient concentrés localement, mais aussi t...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Declines in the eastern portion of their range may be related to forest succession and the loss of important structural stand elements associated with disturbed areas (Reitsma et al 2010). Short harvest rotations and loss of older forest age classes may also be contributing to their decline (Grinde and Niemi 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional habitat needs of a nationally listed species, Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), in Alberta, Canada

Ball¹,

Sólymos²,

Schmiegelow³

et al. 2016

ACE

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“…Our results have identified some intriguing possible relationships at the regional scale in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, where the outbreaks were less severe than in other regions, and recent studies highlight the importance of larger landscape matrix to Canada Warbler dynamics (Grinde & Niemi, 2016). If Canada warblers have less direct or more complex relationships with spruce budworm, for example, neutral responses to increased food but positive responses to the changing forest structure, then these regions should be a good site for future work.…”

Section: %mentioning

confidence: 66%

Cross‐scale effects of spruce budworm outbreaks on boreal warblers in eastern Canada

Drever

Smith

Venier

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Insect outbreaks are major natural disturbance events that affect communities of forest birds, either directly by affecting the food supply or indirectly by changing the vegetation composition of forest canopies. An examination of correlations between measures of bird and insect abundance across different spatial scales and over varying time lag effects may provide insight into underlying mechanisms. We developed a hierarchical Bayesian model to assess correlations between counts of eight warbler species from the Breeding Bird Survey in eastern Canada, 1966 to 2009, with the presence of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) at immediate local scales and time‐lagged regional scales, as measured by extent of defoliation on host tree species. Budworm‐associated species Cape May warbler (Setophaga tigrina), bay‐breasted warbler (Setophaga castanea), and Tennessee warbler (Oreothlypis peregrina) responded strongly and positively to both local and regional effects. In contrast, non‐budworm‐associated species, Blackburnian warbler (Setophaga fusca), magnolia warbler (Setophaga magnolia), Canada warbler (Cardellina canadensis), black‐throated blue warbler (Setophaga caerulescens), and black‐throated green warbler (Setophaga virens), only responded to regional effects in a manner that varied across eastern Canada. The complex responses by forest birds to insect outbreaks involve both increased numerical responses to food supply and to longer term responses to changes in forest structure and composition. These effects can vary across spatial scales and be captured in hierarchical population models, which can serve to disentangle common trends from data when examining drivers of population dynamics like forest management or climate change.

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“…In suitable habitat, both observations and modeling indicate Canada Warblers show heterogeneous occupancy (Grinde and Niemi 2016) and population density (Hallworth et al 2008a, Reitsma et al 2010, Chandler and Hepinstall-Cymerman 2016. In northern Alberta, at least under the range of warbler densities observed, there was evidence that increasing conspecific density reduced territory size which indirectly reduced breeding success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we identified and counted all canopy trees (> 8 cm dbh) in an 11.3 m radius circle around each point. To calculate the percent of the canopy trees that were conifers (which is also a confounded habitat attribute for red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), see Predators below) we divided the number of conifer trees by the total number of trees (Grinde and Niemi 2016; Fig. 1).…”

Section: Vegetationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors driving territory size and breeding success in a threatened migratory songbird, the Canada Warbler

Flockhart¹,

Mitchell²,

Krikun³

et al. 2016

ACE

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ABSTRACT. Successful conservation of migratory birds demands we understand how habitat factors on the breeding grounds influences breeding success. Multiple factors are known to directly influence breeding success in territorial songbirds. For example, greater food availability and fewer predators can have direct effects on breeding success. However, many of these same habitat factors can also result in higher conspecific density that may ultimately reduce breeding success through density dependence. In this case, there is a negative indirect effect of habitat on breeding success through its effects on conspecific density and territory size. Therefore, a key uncertainty facing land managers is whether important habitat attributes directly influence breeding success or indirectly influence breeding success through territory size. We used radio-telemetry, point-counts, vegetation sampling, predator observations, and insect sampling over two years to provide data on habitat selection of a steeply declining songbird species, the Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis). These data were then applied in a hierarchical path modeling framework and an AIC model selection approach to determine the habitat attributes that best predict breeding success. Canada Warblers had smaller territories in areas with high shrub cover, in the presence of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), at shoreline sites relative to forest-interior sites and as conspecific density increased. Breeding success was lower for birds with smaller territories, which suggests competition for limited food resources, but there was no direct evidence that food availability influenced territory size or breeding success. The negative relationship between shrub cover and territory size in our study may arise because these specific habitat conditions are spatially heterogeneous, whereby individuals pack into patches of preferred breeding habitat scattered throughout the landscape, resulting in reduced territory size and an associated reduction in resource availability per territory. Our results therefore highlight the importance of considering direct and indirect effects for Canada warblers; efforts to increase the amount of breeding habitat may ultimately result in lower breeding success if habitat availability is limited and negative density dependent effects occur.Facteurs influant sur la taille du territoire et le succès reproducteur chez un passereau migrateur menacé, la Paruline du Canada RÉSUMÉ. La conservation réussie d'oiseaux migrateurs passe par la compréhension de l'influence qu'ont les composantes d'habitat des aires de nidification sur le succès reproducteur. Chez les passereaux territoriaux, de nombreuses composantes sont reconnues pour influer directement sur le succès reproducteur. Par exemple, la présence d'une grande disponibilité de nourriture et d'un faible nombre de prédateurs peut avoir des effets directs sur le succès reproducteur. Toutefois, bon nombre de ces mêmes composantes d'habitat peuvent aussi entrainer une densité d'individus c...

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Influence of landscape, habitat, and species co-occurrence on occupancy dynamics of Canada Warblers

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Regional habitat needs of a nationally listed species, Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), in Alberta, Canada

Regional habitat needs of a nationally listed species, Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis), in Alberta, Canada

Cross‐scale effects of spruce budworm outbreaks on boreal warblers in eastern Canada

Factors driving territory size and breeding success in a threatened migratory songbird, the Canada Warbler

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