Influence of laser process parameters on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a selective laser melted AZ61 magnesium alloy

Liu, Shuai; Yang, Wensheng; Shi, Xiao; Li, Bin; Duan, Shengchao; Guo, Jingjie

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.261

Cited by 79 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP IRIS Intrepid II, Waltham, MA, USA) and oxygen nitrogen hydrogen analyzer (TCH-600, Michigan, MI, USA) determine the composition. [24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details regarding the SLM apparatus can be found in Refs. [24,25]. No preheating was used throughout the experiment.…”

Section: Experimental System and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scanning speed ranges from 250 mm/s to 950 mm/s with an interval of 50 mm/s. The hatch spacing was set to 0.08 mm according to the previous work [24]. In the SLM process, the layer thickness not only affects the construction rate, but also directly affects the characteristics of the molten pool, such as mass transfer, heat transfer, and cooling rate.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pores are interconnected to form a network. Additionally, the pore (size greater than 100 µm) shape of the sample surface was mostly meniscus-shaped [24]. If the scanning speed is too fast, due to the low density and chemical activity of magnesium, more powder is blown upwards and oxidized to form black fog (MgO), contaminating the mold cavity [29].…”

Section: Study Of Scanning Speed and Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continue to reduce the scanning speed to 250 mm/s, the change of relative density is not obvious or even slightly reduced. This is because the energy input exceeds the optimal range, the temperature of the molten pool continues to rise, and the solid solution of Al element decreases due to the weakening of the solute capture effect, resulting in a slight decrease in the relative density [24]. The surface morphology and quality of the sample can be improved by adjusting the scanning speed, but the scanning speed should be controlled within the appropriate range.…”

Section: Study Of Scanning Speed and Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

Liu

Guo

2020

Materials

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Macroscopic surface morphology and balling mechanism of AZ61 magnesium alloy prepared by Selective laser melting (SLM) have been investigated. This article studied and analyzed the surface morphology and balling phenomenon of Mg in the laser processing from the aspects of Mg inherent metal properties and laser processing. In terms of laser processing, the results show that, in the direction of increasing scanning speed, the energy density decreases, and the phenomenon of balling and porosity on the surface of the magnesium alloy is serious. When the energy density is 133.9–187.5 J/mm3, balling particles are significantly reduced. It can be seen from the low-magnification SEM image that, even at a scanning speed of 250 mm/s (Ev is 187.5 J/mm3), there are still a few small-sized balling particles on the surface. Therefore, in terms of inherent metal properties, the wettability, capillary instability, thermodynamic, and kinetic analysis of the balling behavior of Mg and other metal (Al, Fe, Cu, Ni, Ti) droplets in the SLM process has been carried out, and the dynamic model of magnesium droplet spreading/solidification was established basic on the result of experiment and metal inherent properties. The results show that SLMed magnesium alloy is a competitive process of melt diffusion and solidification. The final result depends on the intrinsic properties of the magnesium alloy and the applied laser processing parameters. The spreading process of Mg melt is very fast. Although the solidification time of Mg melts changes slowly with the increase of metal droplet temperature, the spreading speed is still very fast due to the low melt density, so the balling phenomenon of SLMed Mg can be controlled to a certain extent. Theoretically calculated, the solidification time of Mg melt droplet is longer than the wetting time at 1173 K (900 °C), so the spreading process is dominant, which can minimize the balling and realize the densification of SLMed Mg. The dynamic spreading of molten pool, the analysis of wetting and solidification process, and the establishment of SLM balling model can provide reference for the design of the SLM forming parameters of Mg and other different metals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More details regarding the SLM apparatus can be found in Refs. [24,25]. No preheating was used throughout the experiment.…”

Section: Experimental System and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Microstructural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Of Scanning Speed and Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Of Scanning Speed and Energy Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

Liu

Guo

2020

Materials

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A Continuous MgF₂ Network Structure Encapsulated Mg Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting for Enhanced Biodegradation Resistance

et al. 2021

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As revolutionary bone implant materials, Mg alloys have gained extensive attention because of their biodegradability, good biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Mg is one of the most important divalent ions in the formation of bioapatite and a key factor in bone metabolism. [7] Moreover, it has a similar elastic modulus to the natural bone, which is beneficial for reducing the stress shielding effect. [8] As a highly electronegative metal, Mg can gradually degrade in the human physiological environment, thereby avoiding second surgical resection. [9,10] However, Mg alloys are also well known for their too fast degradation which may result in premature failure after implantation. [11][12][13] Consequently, it has long been a research hotspot to improve the biodegradation resistance of Mg alloys.Alloying has been recognized as a common method for slowing down the degradation of Mg alloys. Soo-Min et al. fabricated extruded Mg─Al─Ca─Y alloy by alloying Y and the corrosion resistance of the alloy in NaCl solution was improved owing to the increased corrosion potential. [14] However, the improvement always compromises with the type and concentration of the alloying element due to the potential biosafety problem and/or galvanic corrosion. In addition, coating is one of the most effective ways to prevent corrosion. Gray et al. and Chen et al. successively summarized the advances in protective coatings and corrosion-resistant

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The Effect of Powder Size and Morphology on the Sinterability of Bioresorbable Mg-Sr/Ca Alloys

Azadi,

O’Cearbhaill,

Celikin

2024

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Influence of laser process parameters on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a selective laser melted AZ61 magnesium alloy

Cited by 79 publications

References 96 publications

Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

A Continuous MgF₂ Network Structure Encapsulated Mg Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting for Enhanced Biodegradation Resistance

The Effect of Powder Size and Morphology on the Sinterability of Bioresorbable Mg-Sr/Ca Alloys

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Influence of laser process parameters on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a selective laser melted AZ61 magnesium alloy

Cited by 79 publications

References 96 publications

Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

Balling Behavior of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Magnesium Alloy

A Continuous MgF2 Network Structure Encapsulated Mg Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting for Enhanced Biodegradation Resistance

The Effect of Powder Size and Morphology on the Sinterability of Bioresorbable Mg-Sr/Ca Alloys

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A Continuous MgF₂ Network Structure Encapsulated Mg Alloy Prepared by Selective Laser Melting for Enhanced Biodegradation Resistance