Influence of leaf and canopy characteristics on rainfall interception and urban hydrology

Holder, Curtis D.; Gibbes, Cerian

doi:10.1080/02626667.2016.1217414

Cited by 73 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results of the rainfall simulation experiments were slightly unexpected given that P . acerifolia had a larger canopy area (CA), a larger total leaf area (PSA) and large leaves with serrated edges that might be likely to facilitate greater water adherence to a leaf (Goebes et al, ; Holder & Gibbes, ). Not surprisingly, this species retained more canopy water than C .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has shown that characteristics, such as bark roughness, branch inclination, and leaf roughness and angle, directly affect tree canopy interception rates and determine the maximum and minimum canopy storage capacity (C max and C min ; Li et al, 2016;Van Stan, Levia, & Jenkins, 2014). Smoother bark and leaves, as well as branch and leaf angle of orientation are known to influence stemflow rate and throughfall rates (Holder & Gibbes, 2016;Li et al, 2016;Livesley, Baudinette, & Glover, 2014;Xiao & McPherson, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Baptista

Livesley

Parmehr

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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A rapid rise of urban population is making cities denser. Consequently, the proportion of impervious surface cover has enlarged, increasing the amount and speed of run‐off reaching urban catchment areas, which may cause flash flooding. Trees play a key role to reduce run‐off in the city, as they intercept rainfall and store part of it on their leaves and branches, reducing the amount and speed of water running onto impervious surfaces. Storage capacity will depend on the rainfall event, the climate conditions and tree characteristics and canopy density. These canopy characteristics vary greatly among different species and their phenology. Furthermore, these canopy characteristics can vary greatly among individual trees of the same age, size, and species. This study tested how canopy density and leaf characteristics of three different tree species affect storage capacity under simulated rainfall conditions. Three species were selected (Ulmus procera, Platanus × acerifolia, and Corymbia maculata), each being of the same height and similar canopy dimensions. Storage capacity was measured using a mass balance approach during a 15‐min indoor, simulated rainfall event (2.5 mm/hr). Canopy metrics were estimated using a terrestrial laser scanner. Canopy surface area was measured through destructive harvest and leaf/twig/branch scanning. To investigate variations in the canopy leaf density, leaves were systematically removed to create four treatments: full, half, quarter, and woody. Canopy storage capacity was well correlated to plant surface area (m2), plant area index (m2/m2), and plant area density (m2/m3). All analyses indicated U. procera as the most efficient species for storing rainfall water within a canopy of equal volume or area index. Results reveal the complexity of evaluating interception of rainfall by tree canopies. This study contributes to the discipline and practice by distinguishing how variation in the leaf density is important to consider when selecting urban tree species to be planted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Baptista

Livesley

Parmehr

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…Rainfall redistribution by vegetation canopy and its spatial variation directly affect hydrological processes such as throughfall, stemflow, run-off, and infiltration (Holder & Gibbes, 2017;Llorens & Domingo, 2007). Rainfall redistribution by vegetation canopy and its spatial variation directly affect hydrological processes such as throughfall, stemflow, run-off, and infiltration (Holder & Gibbes, 2017;Llorens & Domingo, 2007).…”

Section: Relationships Between Leaf Wettability and Surface Water Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in leaf wettability and surface water retention of main species in semiarid Loess Plateau of China

et al. 2018

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Leaf wettability, adhesion or repulsion of water drops, varies greatly among species and plays an important role in plant-soil hydrological relations. This study aimed to examine the variability in leaf wettability among species in different habitats and growth periods, and their relationships with plant surface water retention in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. The leaf adaxial and abaxial contact angles, the surface water retention of leaves and individual plants, and general plant traits of 68 species belonging to 28 families were examined from May to August in 2017. Results showed that leaf water contact angles ranged from 27.3°to 133.4°and leaves with higher contact angles normally had lower variation coefficients. Leaf wettability was affected by internal properties (including leaf side, family, and leaf age) and external conditions (growth period), whereas the life form and slope aspect did not show significant effects. There were 47 species having higher contact angles on adaxial than abaxial surfaces, and the differences were significant in 23 species. Gramineous and leguminous species were more unwettable than compositae and rosaceous species. New leaves were more unwettable than old leaves. Surface wettability increased from May-June to July-August period. Leaf wettability was positively correlated with leaf surface water retention and was the best predictor of individual plant surface water retention compared with other plant traits. Leaf wettability showed interspecific differences associated with family and growth stage and can be a considerable variable in predicting canopy interception and evaluating vegetation hydrological function in drought environments.

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“…In the light of physical knowledge of the processes of wetting and retaining water on the surface of various bodies, and not just the plant material [5,6], it should be assumed that the wetting and entrainment of water on plant surfaces (and other terrestrial surfaces) during storms is influenced by leaf surface traits [7][8][9][10][11] and rainfall characteristics [12]. Field studies have estimated that the crowns of deciduous and coniferous trees are saturated by 0.5-8.2 mm of rainfall [2,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

Klamerus‐Iwan

Witek

2018

Water

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Abstract:The canopy water storage capacity and wettability of the plant material are significantly dependent on the condition of the leaf surface. The aim of the present research was an analysis of the influence of infection with oak powdery mildew, seasonal changes occurring on leaves and factors related to location on the surface of leaves and their hydrological properties. This study performed a series of experiments connecting the direct spraying of tree branches with simulated rainfall under laboratory conditions; an analysis of the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in leaves with the use of the chromatograph; and measurements of the angles of adherence of raindrops to the leaf surface. Degree of wettability was determined and, additionally, photographs were taken with a scanning electron microscope. The experiments were performed on common oak (Quercus robur L.) both in the city and in the forest, on two dates: in May and September. All series of measurements were done on healthy leaves and on leaves covered with oak powdery mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides Griff. et Maubl.) to various degrees. Oak powdery mildew has the largest influence on the canopy water storage capacity and on hydrophobicity. In September, the leaves retained an average of 7.2 g/g more water than in May; and, in the leaves from the city, the canopy water storage capacity was 3.1 g/g higher. A decreasing angle of inclination of raindrops to leaves testified to growing wettability and increased the amount of water retained in tree crowns. An additional analysis of SEM photographs points to a dependency of the canopy water storage capacity on the condition of the surface of leaves.

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Influence of leaf and canopy characteristics on rainfall interception and urban hydrology

Cited by 73 publications

References 38 publications

Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Variation in leaf area density drives the rainfall storage capacity of individual urban tree species

Variability in leaf wettability and surface water retention of main species in semiarid Loess Plateau of China

Variability in the Wettability and Water Storage Capacity of Common Oak Leaves (Quercus robur L.)

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