Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection on the attractiveness of BALB/c mice to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Silva, Flávia Benini da Rocha; Miguel, Danilo C.; Machado, Vicente Estevam; Oliveira, Wanderson Henrique Cruz; Goulart, Thais Marchi; Tosta, Christiann Davis; Pinheiro, Hildete Prisco; Pinto, Mara Cristina

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214574

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However, there is evidence that the effect may not be universal e.g. there was no significant difference in the attractiveness of the sand fly Nyssomyia neivei toward BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania braziliensis and uninfected mice [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2021

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Background The sand fly Phlebotomus perniciosus is the main vector of Leishmania infantum, etiological agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in the Western Mediterranean basin. Dogs are the main reservoir host of this disease. The main objective of this study was to determine, under both laboratory and field conditions, if dogs infected with L. infantum, were more attractive to female P. perniciosus than uninfected dogs. Methodology/Principal findings We carried out a series of host choice experiments and found that infected dogs were significantly more attractive to P. perniciosus than uninfected dogs in the laboratory as well as in the field. Significantly more P. perniciosus fed on infected dogs than on uninfected dogs. However, the fecundity of P. perniciosus fed on infected dogs was adversely impacted compared to uninfected dogs by lowering the number of laid eggs. Phlebotomus perfiliewi, the second most abundant sand fly species in the field site and a competent vector of L. infantum had similar trends of attractivity as P. perniciosus toward infected dogs under field conditions. Conclusions The results strongly suggest that L. infantum causes physiological changes in the reservoir host which lead to the host becoming more attractive to both male and female P. perniciosus. These changes are likely to improve the chance of successful transmission because of increased contact with infected hosts and therefore, infected dogs should be particularly targeted in the control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in North Africa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2021

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“…More tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes) bit the Orma Boran oxen infected with Trypanosoma congolense, but not those infected by Trypanosoma vivax (Baylis and Nambiro, 1993;Baylis and Mbwabi, 1995), and only hybrids of the Triatoma dimidiata complex preferred Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice over uninfected ones (Ramirez-Sierra and Dumonteil, 2016). Leishmania infantum made their hamster hosts more attractive to Lutzomyia longipalpis (O'Shea et al, 2002;Nevatte et al, 2017), but Leishmania braziliensis did not enhance attractiveness of mice for Nyssomyia neivai (da Rocha Silva et al, 2019). The probability that a bat fly chose a host was negatively Turell et al, 1984 33 Aedes taeniorhynchus…”

Section: Empirical Evidence Of Parasite Manipulation Of Host Attractimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host manipulation by parasites has been fascinating parasitologists for decades (Thomas et al, 2005), especially when this manipulation results in dramatic changes in host's physiology (Cordaux et al, 2011;Kageyama et al, 2012;Fayard et al, 2020), morphology (Bakker et al, 1997;Yanoviak et al, 2008;Fayard et al, 2020) or behavior (Berdoy et al, 2000;Thomas et al, 2002;Weinersmith, 2019;Fayard et al, 2020). This host exploitation strategy, described in many phylogenetically distant host-parasite systems, usually involves phenotypic changes in the infected host (extended phenotype, Dawkins, 1982). These alterations can be mediated by direct or indirect mechanisms (Thomas et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence

et al. 2020

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A large diversity of parasites manipulates their hosts in various ways to complete their own life cycle. Enhancing the attractiveness of their host to vectors has been suggested as a strategy allowing vector-borne parasites to increase their transmission. Indeed, a higher attraction of hematophagous, arthropod vectors to infected vertebrates compared to uninfected individuals has been found in many systems (e.g., Trypanosoma-tsetse flies, Leishmania-sand flies, Borrelia-ticks) but was most often verified in the Plasmodium-mosquitoes model. However, a number of studies found no difference in attractiveness, or a higher attractiveness of uninfected hosts. In this review, we present studies reporting a comparison of the attractiveness and/or the biting rate of infected and uninfected vertebrates. We then discuss several biological factors and experimental design aspects that can explain discrepancies between studies. Finally, we stress the importance of investigating the mechanisms of parasiteinduced increased attractiveness of infected hosts to conclude that such observations are cases of adaptive manipulation.

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“…Previous studies, usually focussed to a single sand y species, have reported a blood meal size in a wide range from 0.4 to more than 1.0 mg of ingested blood [3,7,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. However, the broad spectrum of used method makes precise interspeci c comparison di cult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sand fly blood meal volumes and their relation to female body weight

Volfová,

Jančářová,

Volf

2024

Preprint

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Background Sand fly females took a blood meal to develop eggs. The size of the blood meal is important for the fecundity but also affects the dose of pathogens acquired by females while feeding on infected host or during experimental membrane-feeding experiments. Methods Under standard laboratory conditions we compared blood meal volumes taken by females of ten sand fly species belonging to four genera: Phlebotomus, Lutzomyia, Migonomyia and Sergentomyia. Amount of ingested blood was determined by haemoglobin assay. In addition, we weighted unfed sand flies to calculate a ratio between body weight and blood meal weight. Results The mean blood meal volume ingested by sand fly females of different species ranged from 0.47 to 1.01 µl. Five species studied, Phlebotomus papatasi, P. duboscqi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Sergentomyia minuta and S. schwetzi took about double size blood meal in comparison to Migonomyia migonei. In females, the mean body weight ranged from 0.183 mg in S. minuta to 0.369 mg in P. duboscqi. In males, the mean body weight ranged from 0.106 mg in M. migonei to 0.242 mg in P. duboscqi. Males were always lighter than females, the ratio between sexes ranged from 75% in P. argentipes to 52% in P. tobbi. Conclusions Interspecific analysis did not reveal any correlation between mean blood meal volume/weight and the mean weight of females (Mbl/Mf). Most species took a blood meal 2.25–3.05 times higher their body weight. Relatively tiny females of P. argentipes took 3.34 times their body weight. The highest (Mbl/Mf) ratio was found in both Sergentomyia species studied; females of S. minuta and S. schwetzi took bloodmeals 4,5–5 times higher than their body weight. This parameter is substantially higher then reported for any mosquitoes and biting midges.

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Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection on the attractiveness of BALB/c mice to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

Enhanced attraction of sand fly vectors of Leishmania infantum to dogs infected with zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis

Enhanced Attraction of Arthropod Vectors to Infected Vertebrates: A Review of Empirical Evidence

Sand fly blood meal volumes and their relation to female body weight

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