Influence of Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Symptoms of Vitamin E Deficiency in Chicks

Dam, H.; Nielsen, Gunhild Kofoed; Prange, I.; Søndergaard, E.

doi:10.1038/182802a0

Cited by 72 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…According to Dam cl al. [3] addition of linoleic acid to vitam in E deficient diets induces encephalomalacia in the chicken, whereas linolenic acid does not. H utcheson et al |8J arrive at the same conclusion with respect to muscular dystrophy in the chicken.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High Linoleic Acid Intake and Vitamin E Requirement in Rats

Jager¹

1969

Ann Nutr Metab

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High Linoleic Acid Intake and Vitamin E Requirement in Rats

Jager¹

1969

Ann Nutr Metab

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“…1996 Poultry Science 75:881-890 more susceptible to the neurological disorder nutritional encephalomalacia (NE) (Dam et al, 1958;Century and Horwitt, 1959;Gordon, 1960, 1962;Budowski, 1980;Budowski et al, 1987;Vericel et al, 1991). However, when 8% dietary linseed oil is fed, symptoms of NE are virtually nonexistent (Budowski, 1980;Budowski et al, 1987;Vericel et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Linoleic to Linolenic Acid Ratio and Vitamin E Supplementation on Vitamin E Status of Poults

Applegate

Sell

1996

Poultry Science

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Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary linoleic to linolenic acid (LO:LN) ratio and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TA) supplementation on selected characteristics of the liver and cerebellum and on vitamin E status of turkey poults from hatch through 22 d of age. In Experiment 1, 1-d-old poults were fed diets containing no supplemental TA (0E) or 150 IU TA/kg diet (150E). Poults fed the 150E diet had greater (P< 0.001) concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (TOC) in the liver and plasma than those fed the 0E diet from 7 to 22 d of age. The 150E diet, however, did not completely overcome the decrease in liver and plasma TOC concentrations observed at these ages. The 150E diet had no effect on poult BW, feed efficiency, or on the weight, protein, lipid, or fatty acid concentrations of the liver. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay of liver and hemolysis assay of red blood cells (RBC) showed that the 150E diet decreased the susceptibility of liver and RBC to in vitro peroxidation at 13 and 22 d of age. In Experiment 2, 1-d-old poults were fed the 0E and 150E diets in a complete factorial arrangement with decreasing ratios of LO:LN (10, 5, and 1). Dietary LO:LN ratio had no effect on RBC hemolysis or cerebellum TOC concentration. As the ratio of LO:LN decreased, the arachidonic acid content of liver and cerebellum lipids decreased. Ratios of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in liver and cerebellum were directly related to dietary LO:LN at 13 and 22 d of age.

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“…D am el al. [36] found with respect to encephalomalacia and H utch eso n el al. [37] with respect to myopathy in chickens, that addition of linoleic acid to vitamin E deficient diets aggravated the vitamin E deficiency symptoms, whereas addition of linolenic acid had no much effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of Dietary Linoleic Acid and Selenium on the Requirement of Vitamin E in Ducklings

Jager¹

1972

Ann Nutr Metab

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The effect of dietary linoleic acid and selenium on vitamin E requirement has been investigated. Groups of newly hatched, male Peking ducklings were kept for 4 weeks on diets containing increasing amounts of vitamin E (D α-tocopherol acetate). The dietary fat (35 cal%) consisted of lard (low linoleic acid content), tocopherol-free maize oil (high linoleic acid content) or natural maize oil. In addition to D α-tocopherol acetate, some groups received 0.1 mg selenium (Na₂SeO₃) per kg food. Vitamin E deficiency manifested itself by myopathy of all types of muscles. The skeletal muscles showed the typical hyaline degeneration. Necrocalcinosis was found in the muscular tissue of heart, gizzard and intestine. The lard diet needed 13.5 and the tocopherol-free maize oil diet 27 mg vitamin E/kg food to prevent myopathy; this is 86 and 172 mg D α-tocopherol per kg fat, respectively. For the natural maize oil, this requirement was amply covered by its own tocopherol content, while on lard diets all animals died within 3 weeks, showing severe myopathy when extra vitamin E had not been added. The increased vitamin E requirement of the animals on the tocopherol-free maize oil diet could be explained by their lower blood-tocopherol level, as compared with the lard group, at an equal dietary level of vitamin E. Selenium was found to be most effective in preventing myopathy (0.1 mg Se ≧ 20 mg D α-tocopherol acetate). The beneficial effect of selenium could not be explained by an increase of the plasma tocopherol level. Obviously, most animal fats are inadequate in vitamin E, whereas vegetable oils with a high linoleic acid content (sunflower, maize, safflower) must be considered as the natural sources of this vitamin. It is concluded, that a critical dietary E/PUFA ratio (intake of mg D •α-tocopherol, divided by the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids in g) does not exist.

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Influence of Linoleic and Linolenic Acids on Symptoms of Vitamin E Deficiency in Chicks

Cited by 72 publications

References 7 publications

High Linoleic Acid Intake and Vitamin E Requirement in Rats

High Linoleic Acid Intake and Vitamin E Requirement in Rats

Effect of Dietary Linoleic to Linolenic Acid Ratio and Vitamin E Supplementation on Vitamin E Status of Poults

Effect of Dietary Linoleic Acid and Selenium on the Requirement of Vitamin E in Ducklings

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