Influence of lipid supplementation on milk components and fatty acid profile

Machado, Henrique Valentim Nunes; Pereira, José Carlos; Bettero, Vítor Pereira; Leonel, Fernando de Paula; Araújo, Raphael Pavesi; Moreira, Leonardo Marmo; Teixeira, Rafael Bastos; Zervoudakis, Joanis Tilemahos

doi:10.1590/s1806-92902017001200006

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This indicates a dilution effect, because as milk yield increases, the concentrations, on a milk basis (g/100 g of milk), of fat, mixed FA, and de novo FA decrease. The opposite occurs when milk production decreases (Harvatine and Allen, 2005;Machado et al, 2017). Strong positive correlations were also detected among yield (kg/d) of milk, fat, de novo FA, mixed FA, and preformed FA (Table 4).…”

Section: Milk Composition Fa Composition and Correlation Among Themmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Strong positive correlations were also detected among yield (kg/d) of milk, fat, de novo FA, mixed FA, and preformed FA (Table 4). Thus, when milk yield increases, the yield (kg/d) of all these milk components also increases (Harvatine and Allen, 2005;Machado et al, 2017). This emphasizes that we must be careful when evaluating only the bulk tank milk FA concentration (g/100 g of milk) because variations in FA content may be related to other factors that lead to changes in milk yield, and consequently change FA concentration.…”

Section: Milk Composition Fa Composition and Correlation Among Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems

Castro

Matson

Santschi

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

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Milk fatty acid (FA) profile can be divided into (1) de novo (C4-C14) that are synthesized in the mammary gland; (2) preformed (≥C18) that are absorbed from blood and originate from mobilized adipose tissues or dietary fat; and (3) mixed (C16), which have both origins. Our objectives were to describe the FA profile, as predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, of bulk tank milk from automated milking system (AMS) farms and to assess the association of management and housing factors with the bulk tank milk composition and FA profile of those AMS farms. The data used were collected from 124 commercial Canadian Holstein dairy farms with AMS, located in the provinces of Ontario (n = 68) and Quebec (n = 56). The farms were visited once from April to September 2019, and information were collected on barn design and herd management practices. Information regarding individual cow milk yield (kg/d), days in milk, parity, and the number of milking cows were automatically collected by the AMS units on each farm. These data were extracted for the entire period that the bulk tank milk samples were monitored, from April 2019 to April 2020 in Quebec and from August 2019 to May 2020 in Ontario. Across herds, milk yield averaged (mean ± standard error) 35.9 ± 0.4 kg/d, with 3.97 ± 0.01% fat and 3.09 ± 0.01% protein, whereas FA profile averaged 26.2 ± 0.1, 33.1 ± 0.1, and 40.7 ± 0.2 g/100 g of FA for de novo, mixed, and preformed, respectively. The FA yield averaged 0.34 ± 0.01, 0.44 ± 0.01, and 0.54 ± 0.01 kg/d for de novo, mixed, and preformed, respectively. Multivariable regression models were used to associate herd-level housing factors and management practices with milk production, composition, and FA profile. Milk yield was positively associated with using a robot feed pusher (+2.1 kg/d) and the use of deep bedding (+2.6 kg/d). The use of a robot feed pusher, deep bedding, and greater stall raking frequency were positively associated with greater yield (kg/d) of de novo, mixed, preformed, and de novo + mixed FA. Use of deep bedding was negatively associated with concentration of fat, de novo FA, mixed FA, and de novo + mixed FA, expressed in grams per 100 g (%) of milk. A wider lying alley width (≥305 cm) was associated with a greater concentration (g/100 g of milk) of de novo and de novo + mixed FA. Greater frequency of partial mixed ration delivery (>2×/d vs. 1 and 2×/d) was positively associated with a greater proportion (g/100 g of FA) of de novo, mixed, and de novo + mixed FA and negatively associated with the proportion of preformed FA. Overall, these associations indicated that bulk tank FA profile can be used as a tool to monitor and adjust management and housing in AMS farms.

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Section: Milk Composition Fa Composition and Correlation Among Themmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Milk Composition Fa Composition and Correlation Among Themmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems

Castro

Matson

Santschi

et al. 2022

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This indicates a dilution effect, whereas milk yield increases, the concentration on a milk basis (g/100 g of milk) of fat, mixed FA, and de novo FA decreases. The opposite occurs when milk production decreases (Harvatine and Allen, 2005;Machado et al, 2017). Strong positive correlations were also detected among yield (kg/d) of milk, fat, de novo FA, mixed FA, and preformed FA (Table 4).…”

Section: Housing and Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Metabolic responses, performance, mammary gland development and gene expression in liver and muscle of Holstein × Gyr crossbred heifers grazing intensively-managed brachiaria decumbens supplemented with varied crude protein and association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems

Castro¹

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The objectives of the first and second study were to evaluate the effect of crude protein (CP) supplementation on the metabolic characteristics, performance, muscle, and mammary gland development and expression of genes involved in the urea cycle, and muscle tissue development of Holstein × Gyr crossbreed heifers grazing Brachiaria decumbens throughout the year. Thirty-eight heifers were randomly assigned to four treatments: three protein supplements (SUP) fed at 5g/kg of body weight, plus a control group. The supplement CP levels were 12, 24, and 36%. The experimental period was divided into four seasons: rainy, dry, rainy-dry transition, and dry-rainy transition. The data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIXED of the SAS with repeated measures. SUP animals had a greater intake of dry matter, metabolizable energy, and metabolizable protein. Furthermore, SUP animals had a greater average daily gain, rib eye area and fat thickness than non-supplemented animals. Among SUP animals, we observed a quadratic response to ADG, with the highest level in S24. No supplementation effects were detected on mammary gland development. In muscle, we observed greater expression of AMPK in non-supplemented animals than SUP animals. No differences were observed for mTOR. We observed greater urea excretion and retention coefficient in SUP animals than non-supplemented animals. In this sense, we also observed greater gene expression of CPS, ASL, and ARG in SUP animals than non-supplemented, and among SUP animals, the supplement CP linearly affected CPS expression. We observed a positive linear effect of urea excretion, nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention, and retention coefficient among SUP animals. In conclusion, SUP animals had greater intake, performance than non- supplemented animals, with S24% demonstrating the best results. The third study aimed to describe the FA profile, as predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, of bulk tank milk from automated milking system (AMS) farms and to assess the association of management and housing factors with the bulk tank milk composition and FA profile of those AMS farms. The data used were collected from 124 commercial Canadian Holstein dairy farms. Information regarding individual cow milk yield (kg/d), days in milk (DIM), parity, and the number of milking cows were automatically collected by the AMS units on each farm. Multivariable regression models were used to associate herd-level housing factors and management practices with milk production, composition, and FA profile. Milk yield was positively associated with using a robot feed pusher (+2.1 kg/d) and the use of deep bedding (+2.6 kg/d). The use of a robot feed pusher, deep bedding, and greater stall raking frequency were positively associated with greater yield (kg/d) of de novo FA, mixed FA, preformed FA, and de novo + mixed FA. Greater frequency of PMR delivery (>2x/d vs. 1 and 2 x/d) was positively associated with a greater proportion (g/100 g of FA) of de novo, mixed, and de novo + mixed FA and negatively associated with the proportion of preformed FA. Overall, these associations indicate that bulk tank FA profile can be used to monitor and adjust management and housing in AMS farms. Keywords: Nitrogen metabolism. Pasture. Robotic milking. Season.

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Meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of including molasses in the diet for dairy cows on performance, milk fat synthesis and milk fatty acid

et al. 2021

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Influence of lipid supplementation on milk components and fatty acid profile

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems

Association of housing and management practices with milk yield, milk composition, and fatty acid profile, predicted using Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy, in farms with automated milking systems

Meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of including molasses in the diet for dairy cows on performance, milk fat synthesis and milk fatty acid

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