Influence of Liquid Paraffin, White Soft Paraffin and Initial Hydration on Viscosity of Corticosteroid Cream

Szewczyk, E.; Karlowicz–Bodalska, K; Han, Suk Kyu; Musiał, Witold

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v13i8.6

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The viscosity of the simple ointment was higher than the emulsifying ointment and the difference was statistically significant (p-value 0.001). This is due to the presence of liquid paraffin which is thought to lower viscosity (Ewa et al, 2014). The pH of the formulations slightly increased when the active ingredients were added to the bases.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Propolis Ointment Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of propolis ointment against Staphylococcus aureus

Arhewoh¹,

Agbamu²,

Agare³

et al. 2023

njpr

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Background: This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial effect of propolis ointment formulations against Staphylococcus aureus.Methods: Propolis was extracted with 70 ml Ethanol (99 %) and the ointment was prepared by incorporating the extract into emulsifying ointment BP. Formulations were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus using agar diffusion test. Physicochemical properties of the formulation (pH, viscosity and spreadability) were determined using a pH meter, and viscometer. Homogeneity and texture were also determined. Differences in means were evaluated by the independent student t-test at p-value < 0.05.Results: The ointment was dark brown, greasy with a smooth texture. The viscosity of the propolis emulsifying ointment and simple ointment was 11133 ± 1229 and 11800 ± 1100 cP with spreadability of 6.32 ± 1.33 and 6.00 ± 2.40 mm2/g respectively. The pH of the simple and emulsifying ointment was 7.10 ± 0.05 and 7.22 ± 0.06 respectively. There was however reduced pH, spreadability and viscosity of the formulation over a period of 90 days (3 months) resulting in more acidic preparations less than 6 (5.65) in batch F2. Depth of penetration of the simple ointment was between 6.00 ± 0.8 mm to 7.55 ± 0.8 mm and 6.75 ± 0.5 mm to 9.20 ± 1.10 mm for the emulsifying ointment over a period of 14 days. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the propolis extract against Staphylococcus aureus was 300 mg/ml. Inhibition zone diameter of the simple and emulsifying ointment were 16.5 ± 1.3 mm and 17.0 ± 1.2 mm respectively.Conclusion: Propolis can be formulated as an ointment for the treatment of bacterial skin infections. The physicochemical properties of the formulation were stable with gradual decline over a period of 3 months. The propolis ointment exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Propolis Ointment Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of propolis ointment against Staphylococcus aureus

Arhewoh¹,

Agbamu²,

Agare³

et al. 2023

njpr

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In-vitro Investigation of Wound Healing Potential of Musa acuminata Leaf Extract

Ghosh

Deveswaran

Apurba

et al. 2021

Analytical Chemistry Letters

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Assessment of hot-melt coating methods for multiparticulate substrates: Mortar-coating vs. pan-coating

Ignjatović¹,

Đuriš²,

Đuriš³

et al. 2021

Arhiv za farmaciju

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Hot-melt coating (HMC) is an alternative, solvent-free coating method generally used to modify substrate release rate and/or mask its unpleasant taste. The aim of this study was to assess two HMC methods (pan-coating and mortar-coating) by assaying functional properties of the coated material. The selected substrates included highly soluble sodium chloride (model substance) and caffeine (bitter drug), and the coating agent was glycerol distearate without/with the addition of liquid paraffin. Experiments with sodium chloride revealed that pan-coating yielded particles of more regular shape, while mortar-coating yielded samples of more uniform coating layer. The flowability of the coated material depended on the particle size. Sustained sodium chloride release was achieved for all mortar-coated and some pan-coated samples. The analysis of the results indicated mortar-coating as a preferable HMC method for caffeine coating. The resulting caffeine yield in the coated samples was high (99%), the material showed satisfactory mechanical properties and drug release from the coated particles was sustained. Overall, the obtained results suggest that both pan-and mortar-coating can be used to sustain the release of drugs with unpleasant taste, but mortar-coating can be considered as a more simple and practical method that can be potentially used in compounding pharmacies.

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Influence of Liquid Paraffin, White Soft Paraffin and Initial Hydration on Viscosity of Corticosteroid Cream

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of propolis ointment against Staphylococcus aureus

Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of propolis ointment against Staphylococcus aureus

In-vitro Investigation of Wound Healing Potential of Musa acuminata Leaf Extract

Assessment of hot-melt coating methods for multiparticulate substrates: Mortar-coating vs. pan-coating

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