Influence of loading and cracks on carbonation of RC elements made of different concrete types

Wang, Xiao Hui; Val, Dimitri V.; Li, Zheng; Jones, M. R.

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.142

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, RC elements in real structures are under loading but only a few studies have investigated carbonation of concrete in a stressed state [30][31][32][33][34]. These studies indicated a significant influence of stresses, especially tensile stresses, on the rate of carbonation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even fewer studies have addressed the influence of loading and cracking on carbonation of 'green' concretes [33,34]. Wang et al [33] conducted tests to examine the effects of compressive and tensile stresses and high exposure temperature on the carbonation resistance of PC and FA concretes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As compressive stress was raised, the carbonation resistance initially increased (for stresses up to about 30% of the concrete compressive strength, f c ' ) and then started to decrease; it became equal the carbonation resistance of unloaded concrete at the stress level of about 0.5 f c ' before dropping below it. In Wang et al [34], the authors presented results of the first stage of an experimental investigation into the influence of loading and associated concrete cracking on carbonation of RC elements made of PC and 'green' concretes containing FA and GGBS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonation of loaded RC elements made of different concrete types: Accelerated testing and future predictions

Wang

Val

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

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Carbonation of concrete can lead to corrosion of reinforcing bars. By this reason its prediction is very important, in particular for durability design, e.g. determining the minimum thickness of the concrete cover. Although carbonation of concrete in reinforced concrete (RC) structures is influenced by applied loading, limited research has been carried out in this area, especially for 'green/low carbon' concretes, i.e. mixes containing supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). This paper reports the influence of structural loading on carbonation of three types of concrete: Portland cement (PC), PC with 30% of FA and PC with 50% of GGBS, with two water/ binder (w/b) ratios (0.40 and 0.55). Test specimens made with these concretes, i.e. 100-mm cubes (unloaded) and RC beams (loaded), were subject to accelerated carbonation (CO2 content of 4%) for a duration of up to 240 days. Results of the tests are presented in this paper along with their analysis, in particular, the evaluation of the carbonation coefficients.The results clearly show a significant influence of loading on carbonation rate. Based on the test results, the estimated effects of loading on carbonation after 50 and 100 years exposure have been calculated. These estimates indicate that the current durability requirements in the Eurocodes may not be adequate for preventing the initiation of carbonation-induced corrosion in tensile zones of RC elements during their design working life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonation of loaded RC elements made of different concrete types: Accelerated testing and future predictions

Wang

Val

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Existing RC buildings ordinary have some cracks. These expand air permeation and water penetration (D. Breysee et al,), which cause irregular carbonation (Xiao-Hui et al, 2018), and rebar corrosions rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Carbonation Resistance and Water Absorbing Property of Concrete Crack with repair

Tsuchiya¹,

Nemoto²

2020

XV International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. eBook of Proceedings

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Existing RC Buildings have some cracks and the repairing service might last the buildings for long life. The durability of the RC component is evaluated by several ways as like as carbonation resistance test, permeability test, water penetration test, and so on. Therefore, it need to be measured how much advantage the concrete crack with repair have for the durability. The aim of this paper is to study on advantage of repairing a crack of concrete to the carbonation resistance and the waterabsorbing property by the experimental way. The specimens were prepared in the following point. The finishing (direct finishing and mortal tile finishing), crack width (0, 0.05, 0.5, and 2mm), and choice repairing or not. All concrete specimens were formed 10 x 10 x 20cm and those W/C were 0.55. Then, the specimens were tested by the accelerated carbonation. After 4, 8 and 26weeks accelerated carbonation, the carbonation depth and the carbonation shape of the concretes were measured by 1% phenolphthalein reaction. Also, the amount of absorbed water from the bottom were measured at 1, 3, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168h. From the results, the carbonation went rapidly located in 2cm around the crack in the case of the no-repair specimens, regardless of any finishing. But in the case of the specimens repaired, it went evenly from the exposure side. And water absorbing test results show a trend that water amount of the concrete with a crack more increase than one of the no-crack concrete.

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“…Well-designed classical retrofitting interventions can improve the seismic strength of the masonry macro-element but, on the other hand, they can change the collapse mode, inhibiting the simple overturning mechanism and then modifying the structural behaviour of the entire structure. As an example [35][36][37][38]: the steel chains and belting, increasing the out-of-plane wall strength, can inhibit the overturning kinematism transforming it into vertical bending; external steel reinforcement technique, due to their large stiffness, tends to localize seismic stresses; the mesh reinforcement, as well as the FRP rehabilitation systems, significantly improve both ductility and in-plane capacity of the element, but the out-of-plane capacity is guaranteed only if adequate connections are introduced and in this case the seismic behaviour turns into a bending out of plane.In the present paper, a novel retrofitting technique, taking the cue from a typology of intervention frequently used in the past and nowadays recovered, is analysed: the vertical FRP rebars. The adoption of this retrofitting methodology in several case studies seems to confirm its effectiveness.…”

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confidence: 99%

Masonry Walls Retrofitted with Vertical FRP Rebars

2020

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The out-of-plane behaviour of the walls as a consequence of an earthquake is the main vulnerability of existing masonry structures. In the case of rigid in compression not tensile resistant material, incremental dynamic analyses may be employed to evaluate the effective strength of a rocking element. When the seismic capacity of the wall is inadequate, retrofit interventions are required to assure an acceptable safety level. Conventional seismic retrofitting techniques on masonry walls influence the seismic performance of the element, which typically is modified in an out-of-plane bending behaviour. In this paper, analytical investigations are presented to investigate the possibility of a seismic retrofitting intervention able to increase the seismic strength of the wall without modifying its seismic behaviour. The analysed retrofitting technique consists in the application of composite vertical bars either in the middle section of the wall or at its external surfaces. The seismic behaviour of the retrofitted masonry wall is analytically evaluated by means of a parametric incremental dynamic analysis, carried out with an ad hoc in-house software. The effectiveness of the intervention is analysed in terms of level of seismic improvement, defined as the ratio between the seismic capacity of the reinforced and unreinforced walls.

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Influence of loading and cracks on carbonation of RC elements made of different concrete types

Cited by 29 publications

References 36 publications

Carbonation of loaded RC elements made of different concrete types: Accelerated testing and future predictions

Carbonation of loaded RC elements made of different concrete types: Accelerated testing and future predictions

Experimental Study on Carbonation Resistance and Water Absorbing Property of Concrete Crack with repair

Masonry Walls Retrofitted with Vertical FRP Rebars

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