Influence of Long-term Application of Fertilizers and Manure on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Soybean

Abstract

A field experiment was conducted under on-going Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment during 2020 and 2021 at the Research farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, to study the influence of long-term application of fertilizers and manure on growth, yield attributes and yield of soybean. There were eight treatments comprised of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM), T7 (100% NPK - S) and T8 (control). The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The soybean (RVS 2001-4) was grown with recommended dose of 20:80:20 (100% N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) in kharif season. The application of 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over control. While the plant height and pod length at 150% NPK were found significantly superior to 50% NPK. However, the number of pods plant-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean successively and significantly increased with 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK. While the number of seeds pod-1 significantly increased with 100% NPK and 150% NPK over 50% NPK but the two treatments were found at par. The application of 100% NPK + FYM significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 100% NP and 100% N. However, the application of 100% NPK + FYM was found significantly superior to 150% NPK for plant height and number of seeds pod-1. The growth and yield attributes were found significantly and positively correlated with seed and stover yield.

Challenges and Alternatives of Herbicide-Based Weed Management

“…The continuous use of similar types of herbicides over the years may accumulate in produce, soil, and groundwater, which can lead to health hazards [18]. Through bioassay, certain sensitive crops have been used to sense the presence of herbicide residues below a detectable level [19,20]. Herbicide persistence in the soil is expressed as the half-life or time required to degrade fifty percent of the original molecule (Table 1).…”