The article is devoted to the analysis and assessment of the relationship between innovative and sustainable development of economies in the context of Eurasian integration. Using a two-stage methodological approach, the authors assess the level of innovative development of the EAEU countries and investigate the hypothesis that there is a correlation between the innovative activities of enterprises and the growth of high-tech exports, which serves as the basis for achieving sustainable development of the integration association. Conclusions were obtained about the ambiguity and inconsistency of the calculation model results for individual members of the integration association, connected with different starting levels of innovative development of the EAEU countries, as well as a number of other factors.