Influence of malonic acid and triethyl-benzylammonium chloride on Zn electrowinning in zinc electrolyte

Zhang, W.; Lafront, A.-M.; Ghali, Edward; Houlachi, Georges

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.08.003

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Its use as an electrolyte in the anodisation of aluminium suggests that the acid would be suitable for producing anodic coatings with a wide variety of structures and properties. Propanedioic acid has also been employed as a corrosion inhibitor on various metal substrates such as a carbon steel, copper and zinc [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Section a -Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicarboxylic acids analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Part I - propanedioic acid anhydrous

Ferreira

Trindade

Tshulu

et al. 2017

Surface Science Spectra

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SECTION A -OverviewA-3. Abstract: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was carried out to analyse a commercially available propanedioic acid (malonic acid) powder . XPS spectra were obtained using incident monochromatic Al Ka radiation at 1486.6 eV. A survey spectrum together with O 1s and C 1s core level spectra are presented. The presence of characteristic carbon and oxygen photoelectrons peaks allows the use these results as a reference for dicarboxylic acids.A-3a. Introduction: Propanedioic acid (malonic acid) is used as a chemical building block to produce a number of compounds; its main use being as a polymer precursor [1,2]. It is employed in chemical processes for the manufacture of special materials in a variety of industrial segments, with examples including special solvents, alkyd resins, nutritional, fragrances, electronics and pharmaceutical industries and also the production of surgical adhesives [3][4][5]. More recently, with the development of the biotechnology industry and the need to replace petrochemical compounds, propanedioic acid has been listed by the US Department of Energy as one of the top 30 chemicals produced from biomass [6].Research addressing the potential of propanedioic acid for the corosion protection of metal substrates can be dated back to the late 1950s. Its use as an electrolyte in the anodisation of aluminium suggests that the acid would be suitable for producing anodic coatings with a wide variety of structures and properties. Propanedioic acid has also been employed as a corrosion inhibitor on various metal substrates such as a carbon steel, copper and zinc [7][8][9][10][11].In order to understand the interaction between dicarboxylic acids and metallic substrates, characterisation of the pure compounds is required. This work presents X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results of a propanedioic acid standard powder. It is the first part in a series of three papers containing results for dicarboxylic acids with varying chain lengths: propanedioic, butanedioic and pentanedioic.Dicarboxylic acids and their respective salts are rather unstable and known to undergo damage when exposed to X-rays, hence there was always a compromise between quality of spectra and level of damage, as reported for calcium oxalate by Salvi et. al [12]. The use of a 50 eV pass energy required a lower acquisition time to achieve a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio. For the same reason, the channel width was chosen to be 0.2 eV rather than the typical value of 0.1 eV. The acquisition time was 101 s. In addition to the spectra recorded under standard acquisition conditions, 'snapshot' spectra (acquisition time 1 s) of the C 1s and O 1s peaks are also presented to give an indication of a spectrum expected from an undamaged surface. The molecular structure of propanedioic acid (Figure 1) contains two carboxyl group carbons and one aliphatic carbon, and thus is expected to yield two C 1s photoelectron peaks at binding energies around 289 eV (-COOH) and 285 eV (C-C/C-H) [13] with an intensity ratio of 2:1. T...

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Section: Section a -Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dicarboxylic acids analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Part I - propanedioic acid anhydrous

Ferreira

Trindade

Tshulu

et al. 2017

Surface Science Spectra

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“…Addition of sodium lignin sulfonate alone into the industrial electrolyte at a range of 3-10 ppm had no negative impact on CE, nor on the zinc electrowinning process (Alfantazi and Dreisinger, 2003). Also many organic additives have been deeply studied in the zinc electrowinning process; Zhang et al (2009aZhang et al ( , 2009b have reported the beneficial effect of triethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (TEBACl) and malonic acid on CE and cell voltage in the presence of Ni as impurity. Quaternary ammonium bromides in forms of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) and tetrabutyl ammonium bromide (TBABr) were studied by Tripathy et al (1999), as they increased the CE and reduced the power consumption in the presence of antimony.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical studies of ionic liquid additives during the zinc electrowinning process

et al. 2015

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“…However, at the far end of the potential decay (11-16 h of potential decay), it was observed that a greater silver content in the anode slightly increased the corrosion rates. 9 Using the electrochemical noise technique, it was possible to show that the absolute value related to the power spectral density slopes of the three Pb–Ag anodes can correspond to different corrosion reactions and/or corrosion types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the Pb–0·5Ag anode shows uniform corrosion at the beginning (first hour) and localised corrosion at the end of the 16 h potential decay, while Pb–0·7Ag anode shows high localised corrosion at the beginning, followed possibly by uniform corrosion and then finally back to localised corrosion. 9 Zhang et al found that there are four levels corresponding to different electrochemical reactions during the 16 h of potential decay and corrosion after polarisation. The self-discharge of the anode takes place during open circuit potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The industrial conditions and surface state of the Pb–Ag have been simulated in a previous study during 24 h polarisation and 16 h potential decay. 9 The decay can be divided into four levels with different electrochemical reactions on the Pb–Ag anodes. In this study, it can be obtained that 6 h of decay after 5 h of electrolysis led to similar results, and these conditions simulated well the industrial properties of the anode surface during electrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy evaluation of behaviour of Pb–Ag anodes for zinc electrowinning

Zhang

Bounoughaz

Ghali

et al. 2013

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

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Pb-0?5-0?7Ag anodes are widely used in the industry of zinc electrowinning. Two commercial lead anodes containing 0?56 and 0?69%Ag were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate their electrochemical activity. An industrial acid zinc sulphate electrolyte containing glue and chloride ion, but without manganese addition, was considered. In this study, 5 h of electrolysis at a density of 50 mA cm 22 (currently used in practice) and also 6 h of potential decay were made to represent electrowinning periods of maintenance both at 38uC. During the 5 h polarisation, the average double layer capacity of Pb-0?56Ag alloy was higher (y9%) than that of Pb-0?69Ag alloy. During the first hour of potential decay, the Warburg impedance controls the electrochemical reaction. For the period from the second to sixth hour, the double layer capacity decreased with immersion time, and the charge transfer resistance increased with time. During the potential decay, the average charge transfer resistance of Pb-0?69Ag anode was higher (y52%) than that of Pb-0?56Ag anode.

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Influence of malonic acid and triethyl-benzylammonium chloride on Zn electrowinning in zinc electrolyte

Cited by 15 publications

References 19 publications

Dicarboxylic acids analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Part I - propanedioic acid anhydrous

Dicarboxylic acids analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Part I - propanedioic acid anhydrous

Electrochemical studies of ionic liquid additives during the zinc electrowinning process

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy evaluation of behaviour of Pb–Ag anodes for zinc electrowinning

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