Influence of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds, fungal diseases, soil structure and crop yield in organic spring cereals

Brandsæter, Lars Olav; Mangerud, Kjell; Andersson, Lars; Børresen, Trond; Brodal, Guro; Melander, Bo

doi:10.1080/09064710.2020.1728371

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In particular, the summer treatment was very difficult to perform in the dry clay soil. In a single three-year experiment, Brandsaeter et al [137] compared the vertical cutter to several other weed control strategies, but similarly to Bergkvist et al [116], fragmenting the rhizomes post-cereal harvest did not significantly reduce E. repens shoot numbers. Contrastingly, while Bergkvist et al [116] had found a reduction in E. repens shoot biomass due to fragmentation post-cereal harvest, this was also not significantly lower in Brandsaeter et al [137].…”

Section: Root/rhizome Cuttersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Landström [134] found that one year with hoed Brassica napus in the rotation reduced the occurrence of E. repens. Brandsaeter et al [137] found that the combination of inter-row hoeing and autumn disk cultivation followed by ploughing resulted in better control of a mixed perennial weed population including E. repens than all but one of the other tillage treatments.…”

Section: Inter-row Hoeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brandsaeter et al [137] found that one Kvik-up treatment in spring did not significantly reduce a mixed perennial weed stand including E. repens, but that one treatment in autumn and another in spring did. It reduced E. repens the most out of six tillage strategies including: (1) stubble mowing, (2) vertical root/rhizome cutter in a white clover mulch, (3) inter-row hoeing, (4) inter-row hoeing + autumn disking, (5) Kvik-up in spring, (6) Kvik-up in autumn and spring.…”

Section: Rhizome Removal and Exhaustion With Tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Non-Chemical Management of Couch Grass (Elymus repens)

et al. 2020

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Couch grass (Elymus repens) is a morphologically diverse, rhizomatous, perennial grass that is a problematic weed in a wide range of crops. It is generally controlled by glyphosate or intensive tillage in the intercrop period, or selective herbicides in non-susceptible crops. The aim of this review is to determine the efficacy of non-chemical strategies for E. repens control. The review shows that indirect control measures like crop choice, subsidiary crops, and fertilizer regimes influence E. repens abundance, but usually cannot control E. repens. Defoliation (e.g., mowing) can control E. repens growth, but efficacy varies between clones, seasons, and defoliation frequencies. Tillage in the intercrop period is still the main direct non-chemical control method for E. repens and its efficacy can be increased, and negative side-effects minimized by an appropriate tillage strategy. Some new tillage implements are on the market (Kvik-up type machines) or under development (root/rhizome cutters). Alternative methods that can kill E. repens rhizomes (e.g., steaming, soil solarization, biofumigation, hot water, flooding) often have high costs or time requirements. More studies on the effect of cropping system approaches on E. repens and other perennial weeds are needed.

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Section: Root/rhizome Cuttersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inter-row Hoeingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhizome Removal and Exhaustion With Tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Non-Chemical Management of Couch Grass (Elymus repens)

et al. 2020

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“…Development of methods for growing ancient wheat species may create variable conditions for their reintroduction on organic farms. One of the most important elements of cultivation technology in this farming system is the sowing density, which has a significant impact on weed infestation, the occurrence of diseases, pests, and the availability of minerals or water [14][15][16][17]. Sowing density in organic systems should balance a crop's competitive ability while maintaining grain yield and quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important threats in cereal crops, including organic ones, are fungal diseases, which can contribute to significant losses in grain yield [14]. Of these, powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis), Septoria leaf blotch (Zymoseptoria tritici, Septoria glumarum), tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), brown rust (Puccinia recondita) are most commonly found on wheat leaves, and recently, also stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Wheat Species (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

et al. 2020

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Crop management should be determined to reintroduce ancient wheat. This study aimed to determine: i. the response of the yield of ancient wheat on sowing density; ii. the impact of sowing density on plant health, weed infestation and pest occurrence. Field experiments were carried out in Poland, on three organic farms. The factors were: (1) wheat species: Persian wheat (Triticum persicum Vav.) and Indian dwarf wheat (T. sphaerococcum Perc.), (2) sowing density (400, 500, and 600 grains m−2). Increasing the sowing density of T. sphaerococcum from 400 to 600 grains m−2 increases the grain yield and reduces the pest pressure (Oulema spp. and Aphididae). Sowing densities did not affect the severity of powdery mildew at stem elongation as well as root rot and eyespot at the development of fruit. At the highest sowing density, the leaf area with tan spot symptoms was the highest. The eyespot symptoms occurred more frequently and the damaged plant surface caused by Oulema spp. was larger on T. sphaerococcum. Persian wheat turned out to be more susceptible to weed infestation. Indian dwarf wheat and Persian wheat are useful for organic farming, and the sowing density should be 500 or 600 grains m−2 and 400 grains m−2, respectively.

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Current and future glyphosate use in European agriculture

Neve,

Matzrafi,

Ulber

et al. 2024

Weed Research

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There has been a longstanding and contentious debate about the future of glyphosate use in the European Union (EU). In November 2023, the European Commission approved the renewal of the use registration for glyphosate for a further 10 years. Nevertheless, the EU Farm to Fork strategy calls for a 50% reduction in pesticide use by 2030. In November 2022, the European Weed Research Society organised a 2 day workshop to identify critical glyphosate uses in current EU cropping systems and to review the availability of glyphosate alternatives. Workshop participants identified four current, critical uses in EU cropping systems; control and management of perennial weeds, weed control in conservation agriculture, vegetation management in tree and vine crops and herbicide resistance management. There are few herbicide alternatives that provide effective, economic, broad‐spectrum control of weeds, particularly perennial weeds. Mechanical weed control, and in particular, soil cultivation is the most obvious glyphosate alternative. However, this is not possible in conservation agriculture systems and, in general, increased soil cultivation has negative impacts for soil health. Emerging technologies for precision weed control can enable more targeted use of glyphosate, greatly reducing use rates. These technologies also facilitate the use and development of alternative targeted physical weed control (e.g. tillage, lasers, electricity), reducing the energy and environmental costs of these approaches. In tree crops, the use of organic and inorganic mulches can reduce the need for glyphosate use. In general, reduced use of glyphosate will require an even greater focus on integrated weed management to reduce weed establishment in agroecosystems, increase weed management diversity and limit the use of alternative resistance‐prone herbicides.

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Influence of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds, fungal diseases, soil structure and crop yield in organic spring cereals

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

A Review of Non-Chemical Management of Couch Grass (Elymus repens)

A Review of Non-Chemical Management of Couch Grass (Elymus repens)

Ancient Wheat Species (Triticum sphaerococcum Perc. and T. persicum Vav.) in Organic Farming: Influence of Sowing Density on Agronomic Traits, Pests and Diseases Occurrence, and Weed Infestation

Current and future glyphosate use in European agriculture

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