Influence of melt behaviour on the flame retardant properties of ethylene copolymers modified with calcium carbonate and silicone elastomer

Karlsson, Linus; Lundgren, Anna Sofia; Jungqvist, Jonas; Hjertberg, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.01.025

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is inexpensive, nontoxic, nonhalogenic, odorless, and easily incorporated into myriad polymers. 26 Hermansson et al reported that the calcium oxide produced through CC decomposition can neutralize the acid-damaging substances produced through SR decomposition. Additionally, ATH undergoes endothermic dehydration in the case of fire, releasing water vapor that can dilute combustible gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of platinum compounds/superfine aluminum hydroxide/ultrafine calcium carbonate on the flame retardation and smoke suppression of silicone foams

Deng

Kang

Shu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Environmentally friendly, flame-retardant, and relatively low-density (0.25-0.31 g cm −3 ) silicone foams (SiFs) were successfully obtained through dehydrogenation at room temperature (RT = 25.0 C). Moreover, a flame-retardant system for SiFs was obtained through a synergistic combination of platinum (Pt) compounds, superfine aluminum hydroxide (ATH), and ultrafine calcium carbonate (CC). The smoke suppression, flame retardance, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of SiFs with Pt compounds, ATH, and CC were tested using the limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, smoke density test, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. With only 0.6 wt % Pt compounds, the pure SiF achieved the UL-94-V1 rating (3 mm thick), had an LOI value of 29.6%, and the maximum smoke density (MSD) was 6.5%. After adding ATH and CC, SiF composites could achieve the UL-94-V0 rating (3 mm thick), the LOI increase to 35.2%, and MSD decrease by 45%. Furthermore, the SiF with 0.6 wt % Pt compounds, 15.0 wt % ATH, and 15.0 wt % CC exhibited the optimal comprehensive properties for smoke suppression, flame retardance, mechanical performance, and thermal stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of platinum compounds/superfine aluminum hydroxide/ultrafine calcium carbonate on the flame retardation and smoke suppression of silicone foams

Deng

Kang

Shu

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Zhang et al discriminated flame retarded nylon 6 (PA6) samples by the dripping time, the number of drops, and whether the drop was burning. Karlsson et al reported the time when dripping occurred and the relative amount of dripping. Recently, some progresses to further elucidate the melt dripping come out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a pendant experiment using melt indexer for correlation with the large‐size dripping in the UL‐94 test

et al. 2018

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Summary The dripping phenomena affect fire hazards significantly. In the UL‐94 test, the dripping has been classified into the small‐size dripping due to surface melting and the large‐size dripping originating from bulk softening. Both types of dripping result from the gravity resisted by the forces including the viscous force. Based on the mechanical mechanism, a pendant experiment to reflect the ability of polymer melt to resist the gravity and a simple model equation were developed. The pendant experimental data of 7 polymers verified the model equation, and the regressed model parameter values of activation energy were close to reported data to some extent for most polymers. Correlations between the predicted pendant mass and the dripping behavior featured by the maximum drop mass showed that the pendant mass predicted at the glass transition temperature was proportional to the maximum drop mass. For polymers of large‐size dripping, the pendant mass predicted at typical decomposition temperatures such as the onset decomposition temperature was generally proportional to the maximum drop mass. Moreover, the model equation indicated that for the large‐size dripping the product of drop mass and first dripping time should be proportional to the specimen thickness, which was verified by reported dripping data.

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“…Several literatures reported that CaCO 3 could be used as a flame retardant [13][14][15][16]. This type of oil sludge contains so much CaCO 3 that it may be used as a substitute for CaCO 3 in some applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-retardant properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate/oil sludge/ fumed silica composites

Qian

Zhu

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA)/oil sludge (OS)/fumed silica (SiO 2 ) composites were synthesized using OS containing CaCO 3 as raw material. Flame retardant and thermal degradation properties of the composites were characterized via limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetry Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR). Addition of certain amount of SiO 2 could evidently increase LOI values.The heat releasing rates (HRR) of the composites were much lower than those of EVA and EVA/OS composites. The morphologies and structures of the residues, revealed by SEM, ascertained that the formed char layers on the composites were denser than that of the EVA/OS composites. SiO 2 in the material can help smoke suppression. The composites also assumed a higher thermal stability than the EVA/OS composites.

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Influence of melt behaviour on the flame retardant properties of ethylene copolymers modified with calcium carbonate and silicone elastomer

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of platinum compounds/superfine aluminum hydroxide/ultrafine calcium carbonate on the flame retardation and smoke suppression of silicone foams

Effects of platinum compounds/superfine aluminum hydroxide/ultrafine calcium carbonate on the flame retardation and smoke suppression of silicone foams

Development of a pendant experiment using melt indexer for correlation with the large‐size dripping in the UL‐94 test

Flame-retardant properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate/oil sludge/ fumed silica composites

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