The
iron Keggin ion is identified as a structural building block in both
magnetite and ferrihydrite, two important iron oxide phases in nature
and in technology. Discrete molecular forms of the iron Keggin ion
that can be both manipulated in water and chemically converted to
the related metal oxides are important for understanding growth mechanisms,
in particular, nonclassical nucleation in which cluster building units
are preserved in the aggregation and condensation processes. Here
we describe two iron Keggin ion structures, formulated as [Bi6FeO4Fe12O12(OH)12(CF3COO)10(H2O)2]3+ (Kegg-1) and [Bi6FeO4Fe12O12(OH)12(CF3COO)12]1+ (Kegg-2). Experimental
and simulated X-ray scattering studies show indefinite stability of
these clusters in water from pH 1–3. The tridecameric iron
Keggin-ion core is protected from hydrolysis by a synergistic effect
of the capping Bi3+ cations and the trifluoroacetate ligands
that, respectively, bond to the iron and bridge to the bismuth. By
introducing electrons to the aqueous solution of clusters, we achieve
complete separation of bismuth from the cluster, and the iron Keggin
ion rapidly converts to magnetite and/or ferrihydrite, depending on
the mechanism of reduction. In this strategy, we take advantage of
the easily accessible reduction potential and crystallization energy
of bismuth. Reduction was executed in bulk by chemical means, by voltammetry,
and by secondary effects of transmission electron microscopy imaging
of solutions. Prior, we showed a less stable analogue of the iron
Keggin cluster converted to ferrihydrite simply upon dissolution.
The prior and currently studied clusters with a range of reactivity
provide a chemical system to study molecular cluster to metal oxide
conversion processes in detail.