Influence of Methylene Blue Photoinactivation Treatment on Coagulation Factors from Fresh Frozen Plasma, Cryoprecipitates and Cryosupernatants

Abstract

The quantitative and qualitative conservation of coagulation factors achieved in MB-plasma-derived products suggest that they are useful for the global replacement of coagulation factors and for deficiencies in FV and FXI. In countries lacking the economic resources to obtain virally inactivated concentrates, MB-cryoprecipitates could be useful in von Willebrand's disease and fibrinogen and FXIII deficiencies. MB-cryosupernatants could be employed in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, in the correction of total or partial deficiencies of prothrombin complex factors and in specific deficiencies of FV and FXI.

The effect of prion reduction in solvent/detergent-treated plasma on haemostatic variables

“…Concerns surrounding the transmission risks of viruses through plasma replacement therapy have led to the development of various viral inactivation processes (i.e. methylene blue, solvent detergent, amotosalen, riboflavin) [6,29–31]. However, these viral inactivation processes do not eliminate the risk of vCJD transmission.…”

Theoretical study of the hydrogen bond interaction between methylene blue and water and possible role on energy transfer for photodynamics

“…It has been implicated in several medical aspects ranging from alcoholism to photodynamical therapy. In recent years several investigations have appeared related to coagulation factors 2, DNA damage 3 and binding 4, relaxing effects of venoms 5, photocatalysis 6, antiviral activities of HIV 7, cirrhosis 8, hepatopulmonary syndrome 9, reproduction and fertility 10, etc. MB has been implicated also as an emergency aid in underwater diving‐related accidents 11.…”

Haemostatic properties of human plasma subjected to a sterilizing dose of gamma irradiation in the presence of ascorbate

“…Similarly, in numerous reports the photoinactivation of plasma with methylene blue (methylene blue-FFP) resulted in a 20-40% decrease of fibrinogen function [18,19,34,35]. Methylene blue at the concentration of 1 mmol/l and 1 h exposure to white fluorescent light at 45 000 lux is routinely applied [36] but under these conditions only Data presented as the mean AE SD derived from four independent experiments.…”

“…In clinical application of virally inactivated plasma, a sufficient level of coagulation/fibrinolysis factors may have an important implication in the maintaining of the balance between procoagulant and anticoagulant activity of patient blood. Changes of the haemostatic properties of SD-FFP and methylene blue-FFP have been well documented with a significant decrease of fibrinogen and coagulation factors V, VIII, IX and XI in the latter [18,19], and a markedly lower protein S and antitrypsin and an absent antiplasmin in the former [20,21]. Current literature has provided evidence that treatment of plasma-derived therapeutic proteins with a dose of gamma irradiation in the range of 30-50 kGy effectively killed nonlipid-enveloped model viruses while maintaining acceptable protein recovery [12,[15][16][17]22].…”