Influence of methylimidazole isomers on ferrocene-catalysed nitrogen doped carbon nanotube synthesis

Nxumalo, Edward N.; Chabalala, Vongani; Nyamori, Vincent O.; Witcomb, M. J.; Coville, Neil J.

doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.02.028

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…All of these factors will impact on the formed product. From our earlier studies on imidazoles as a source of N-CNTs [38], we also found that the structural configuration of the reactant influenced the final product.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 76%

The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Nxumalo

Letsoalo

Cele

et al. 2010

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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Section: Reaction Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 76%

The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Nxumalo

Letsoalo

Cele

et al. 2010

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry

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“…Most of the syntheses involved catalytic thermal decomposition of C or CN containing gas phase precursors, often under a nitrogen rich atmosphere [85,86,87,88]. When FcH was used together with a C source and a N source, the Fe/C ratio had a major impact on whether N-CNTs or N doped carbon nanospheres (N-CNSs) were formed [137,138]. Low N concentrations and low catalyst concentrations favor N-CNT production while the absence of a catalyst leads only to the formation of N-CNSs and other N-doped SCNMs (N-SCNMs) [137,138].…”

Section: N-cnt Synthesis From Organometallic Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review

2010

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Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have become a topic of increased importance in the study of carbonaceous materials. This arises from the physical and chemical properties that are created when N is embedded in a CNT. These properties include modified chemical reactivity and modified conductivity and mechanical properties. A range of methodologies have been devised to synthesize N-CNTs. One of the procedures uses a floating catalyst in which an organometallic complex is decomposed in the gas phase in the presence of a nitrogen containing reactant to give N-CNTs. Most studies have been limited to ferrocene, ring substituted ferrocene and Fe(CO)5. This review covers the synthesis (and properties) of N-CNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials (SCNMs) produced using organometallic complexes. It summarizes the effects that physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, gas flow rates, type and concentration of N source etc. have on the N-CNT type, size and yields as well as the nitrogen content incorporated into the tubes that are produced from organometallic complexes. Proposed growth models for N-CNT synthesis are also reported.

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“…A. A second possible factor is that the different nitrogen‐containing ligands on the ferrocene catalysts exerted different effects, since it has been shown that even isomeric nitrogen‐containing compounds influence the SCNM distribution . Since catalysts 1 and 2 have widely different thermal stabilities, their rates of decomposition and hence the availability of Fe NPs will differ, resulting in different product distributions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have shown that nitrogen incorporation into the backbone typically generates 'bamboo‐shaped' MWCNTs with discrete cross‐walls within the tubes, although these structures have been shown to form in the absence of nitrogen . Nxumalo et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heteroatom‐containing ferrocene derivatives as catalysts for MWCNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials

Oosthuizen

Nyamori

2012

Applied Organom Chemis

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The effects of heteroatom‐containing ferrocene catalysts on the materials produced from chemical vapour deposition (CVD) floating catalyst synthesis were investigated. Specifically, the influence of nitrogen‐ and oxygen‐containing ferrocenoyl imidazolide and (N‐phenylcarbamoyl)ferrocene, and sulfur‐ and oxygen‐containing S,S‐bis(ferrocenylmethyl)dithiocarbonate on the structural morphology and distribution of the products as well as properties such as the thermal stability and crystallinity were studied. In addition, the influence of reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration and temperature were also investigated. The nitrogen‐containing catalysts produced N‐doped multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (N‐MWCNTs), whereas the sulfur‐containing catalyst produced primarily nano‐ and microspheres. A concentration of 2.5 wt% ferrocenoyl imidazolide was shown to be optimal for the synthesis of MWCNTs at 850 °C, with very low metal iron residue, highest thermal stability and highest yield (95%). In general, bamboo compartment length for N‐doped MWCNTs increased with temperature. Crystallinity trends were shown to be independent of catalyst and catalyst concentration in all cases and only dependent on temperature. The average diameter for MWCNTs was shown to be dependent on temperature, choice of catalyst and catalyst concentration in all cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Influence of methylimidazole isomers on ferrocene-catalysed nitrogen doped carbon nanotube synthesis

Cited by 19 publications

References 73 publications

The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The influence of nitrogen sources on nitrogen doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes from Organometallic Compounds: A Review

Heteroatom‐containing ferrocene derivatives as catalysts for MWCNTs and other shaped carbon nanomaterials

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