Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Kobayashi, Scott D.; Małachowa, Natalia; DeLeo, Frank R.

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2017.00159

Cited by 67 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…For excellent reviews on the mechanisms of neutrophil apoptosis and how bacterial pathogens modulate neutrophil fate, we recommend (Kennedy and Deleo, 2009; Rigby and DeLeo, 2012; Kobayashi et al, 2017). S. aureus produces pore-forming toxins that lyse neutrophils, other leukocytes, and red blood cells and this lytic activity promotes an intense inflammatory response.…”

Section: S Aureus Modulation Of Neutrophil Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. Staphylococcus aureus

Guerra

Borgogna

Patel

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

128

111

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Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and the first line of defense after bacteria have breached the epithelial barriers. After migration to a site of infection, neutrophils engage and expose invading microorganisms to antimicrobial peptides and proteins, as well as reactive oxygen species, as part of their bactericidal arsenal. Ideally, neutrophils ingest bacteria to prevent damage to surrounding cells and tissues, kill invading microorganisms with antimicrobial mechanisms, undergo programmed cell death to minimize inflammation, and are cleared away by macrophages. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a prevalent Gram-positive bacterium that is a common commensal and causes a wide range of diseases from skin infections to endocarditis. Since its discovery, S. aureus has been a formidable neutrophil foe that has challenged the efficacy of this professional assassin. Indeed, proper clearance of S. aureus by neutrophils is essential to positive infection outcome, and S. aureus has developed mechanisms to evade neutrophil killing. Herein, we will review mechanisms used by S. aureus to modulate and evade neutrophil bactericidal mechanisms including priming, activation, chemotaxis, production of reactive oxygen species, and resolution of infection. We will also highlight how S. aureus uses sensory/regulatory systems to tailor production of virulence factors specifically to the triggering signal, e.g., neutrophils and defensins. To conclude, we will provide an overview of therapeutic approaches that may potentially enhance neutrophil antimicrobial functions.

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Section: S Aureus Modulation Of Neutrophil Fatementioning

confidence: 99%

Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. Staphylococcus aureus

Guerra

Borgogna

Patel

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

128

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…6B). [15][16][17] This neutrophil extracellular trap formation is induced by such agents as bacterial aggregates and biofilms, fungal hyphae, and protozoan parasites (cryptosporidia, Neospora, and coccidiosis) that cannot be phagocytized. [18][19][20][21] Neutrophils use the potent oxidative metabolism system to kill bacteria.…”

Section: Mucosal Firewall: the Mucous Barrier Mucosal Epithelial Celmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Immune System of Cattle

Chase

Kaushik

2019

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

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KEYWORDS Bovine Mucosal Immunology Gastrointestinal Respiratory Reproductive Microbiome KEY POINTSThe largest organ of the immune system is the mucosa making the management of it essential for productivity and health. The mucosal barrier consists of mucous, antimicrobial peptides, and IgA and is a "kill zone" to prevent microbial invasion of the epithelium. The mucosal epithelial cells are key cells that maintain the "kill zone" and "mucosal firewall" and respond to metabolites and microbial components from the lumen and signals from immune cells to maintain tight junctions and prevent leaky gut. The mucosal immune system has a unique circulatory system where immune cells that have activated in mucosal region recirculate to mucosal regions, a system termed the common mucosal system.

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“…PMNs are the most abundant white blood cell, with 1 × 10 11 new cells emerging from the bone marrow daily. They are typically thought to have a very short lifespan in blood (∼7–24 hours), although infection may delay apoptosis and increase lifespan . During infection and inflammation, PMNs are quickly mobilized to sites of injury.…”

Section: Intestinal and Invasive Nts Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria, anemia, and invasive bacterial disease: A neutrophil problem?

Mooney

Galloway

Riley

2018

Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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Invasive bacterial disease is well described in immunocompromised hosts, including those with malaria infection. One bacterial infection frequently observed in children with Plasmodium falciparum infection is nontyphoidal salmonella (NTS) infection, in which a typically intestinal infection becomes systemic with serious, often fatal, consequences. In this review, we consider the role of malaria‐induced immunoregulatory responses in tipping the balance from tissue homeostasis during malaria infection to risk of invasive NTS. Also, neutrophils are crucial in the clearance of NTS but their ability to mount an oxidative burst and kill intracellular Salmonella is severely compromised during, and for some time after, an acute malaria infection. Here, we summarize the evidence linking malaria and invasive NTS infections; describe the role of neutrophils in clearing NTS infections; review evidence for neutrophil dysfunction in malaria infections; and explore roles of heme oxygenase‐1, IL‐10, and complement in mediating this dysfunction. Finally, given the epidemiological evidence that low density, subclinical malaria infections pose a risk for invasive NTS infections, we consider whether the high prevalence of such infections might underlie the very high incidence of invasive bacterial disease across much of sub‐Saharan Africa.

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Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death

Cited by 67 publications

References 124 publications

Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. Staphylococcus aureus

Epic Immune Battles of History: Neutrophils vs. Staphylococcus aureus

Mucosal Immune System of Cattle

Malaria, anemia, and invasive bacterial disease: A neutrophil problem?

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