Influence of microplate material on the sensitivity of growth inhibition tests with bacteria assessing toxic organic substances in water and waste water

Gellert, Georg; Stommel, A.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7278(1999)14:4<424::aid-tox8>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Additionally, previous toxicity screening results for hydrophobic analytes and environmental samples may need to be re-examined with the knowledge that upwards of 50% of the analyte originally introduced to the exposure solution may have sorbed to the plastic and were no longer available to the test system. Previous experiments comparing the toxicity of hydrophobic analytes, such as PAHs, in glass and plastic exposure vessels have demonstrated that plastic exposure vessels led to an underestimation of toxicity in bacterial test systems (Gellert and Stommel, 1999; Hirmann et al, 2007). Loss of analyte due to sorption and the resulting decrease in exposure concentration would impact data analysis, as the true exposure concentrations could, in some cases, be less than half of what was added to the assay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the hydrocarbon structure and composition of the plastic plates, commonly used for cell-based and whole-animal model system testing (e.g. zebrafish embryos), can be problematic for test analytes with low water solubility and/or high hydrophobicity (Gellert and Stommel, 1999; Hirmann et al, 2007; Incardona et al, 2006; Jarema et al, 2015; Sonnack et al, 2015). The ability of plastics to sequester hydrophobic analytes from aqueous environments is advantageous in some instances, such as passive sampling technologies (Fries and Zarfl, 2012, García-Falcón et al, 2004; Kolahgar et al, 2002), and has been documented to occur with hydrophobic pollutants in the environment (Chandramouli et al, 2015; Rochman et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of plastics to sequester hydrophobic analytes from aqueous environments is advantageous in some instances, such as passive sampling technologies (Fries and Zarfl, 2012, García-Falcón et al, 2004; Kolahgar et al, 2002), and has been documented to occur with hydrophobic pollutants in the environment (Chandramouli et al, 2015; Rochman et al, 2013). However, use of plastic plates for the exposure of model systems (e.g., zebrafish embryos) to hydrophobic analytes in an aqueous media may result in the loss of these analytes from the exposure solution (Gellert and Stommel, 1999; Hirmann et al, 2007; Schreiber et al, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitation and prediction of sorptive losses during toxicity testing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) using polystyrene 96-well plates

Chlebowski

Tanguay

Simonich

2016

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Developing zebrafish are increasingly being used for rapid assessments of chemical toxicity, and these assays are frequently conducted in multi-well plastic plates. This study investigated the sorptive behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated PAHs (NPAHs) to uncoated 96-well polystyrene plates typically used for zebrafish (Danio rerio) testing. We measured the percent sorption in the presence and absence of zebrafish embryos, at two exposure concentrations, as well as using two different procedures (addition of embryos to polystyrene plates either before analyte addition, or allowing 24 hours of equilibrium between analyte addition and embryo addition to the polystyrene plates). Following exposure, the plates were extracted with hexane and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Allowing 24 hours of pre-incubation between the addition of analytes and embryos did not significantly impact the percent sorption. The percent sorption was higher for both PAHs and NPAHs at the lower exposure concentration, and sorption was lower in the presence of zebrafish embryos. A mass balance model was developed to predict the sorption to polystyrene plates, based on the PAH and NPAH mass distribution ratios between polystyrene and water. While PAH sorption was significantly correlated with subcooled liquid solubility, NPAH sorption did not correlate with any of the physical-chemical properties investigated. This indicates the need to better understand the sorptive behavior of hydrophobic analytes to plastics, and to better account for sorptive losses during toxicity testing in polystyrene plates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitation and prediction of sorptive losses during toxicity testing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) using polystyrene 96-well plates

Chlebowski

Tanguay

Simonich

2016

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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“…According to several studies [8][9][10], glass showed a negligible concentration decrease of phenanthrene over the exposure period (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Sorption Capacity Of Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…If real exposure concentrations differ greatly from the start concentrations, the toxicity of wastewater samples or pure substances to an organism might be underestimated. High volatility and high lipophilicity are critical physicochemical properties that determine whether substances could be lost from a static exposure medium, causing a concentration decrease during an experiment [6][7][8][9][10]. For these two physicochemical properties (volatility and lipophilicity), Riedl and Altenburger [8] proposed cutoff values at which organic substances are regarded as being problematic in PS microtiter plates in terms of their exposure concentration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to Deal with Lipophilic and Volatile Organic Substances in Microtiter Plate Assays?

Schreiber¹,

Altenburger²,

Paschke³

et al. 2007

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Microtiter plate-based assays are a promising technique for toxicity assessment of substances. Chemicals with physicochemical properties such as high volatility and/or high lipophilicity, however, can be lost from the exposure solution during an experiment, so that exposure concentrations are not consistent. The aim of the present study was to determine and reduce the proportion of the reference compounds phenanthrene and phenanthridine lost during exposure in the zebra fish (Danio rerio) embryo test regime. It could be shown that under the standard exposure regime (48 h), the concentration of phenanthrene decreased strongly, by more than 99%, whereas that of phenanthridine decreased by 17% during a 48-h experiment. After modifications to the microtiter plate exposure regime, the phenanthrene concentration showed a decrease of only 40%, while the phenanthridine concentration remained unchanged. The major processes of substance loss could be assigned to accumulations of these substances into the glue of commercially available adhesive foils and the polystyrene walls of the microtiter plates. Furthermore, by investigating the sorption capacity of different plastics, it was found that the phenanthrene concentration decreased less when using a plexiglass specimen (28%) compared with the same-sized polystyrene specimen (94%). Moreover, it was found, for a constant exposure regime, that concentration profiles of different phenanthrene concentrations in the microtiter plate assay during an experiment were similar. A mathematical method is proposed to predict concentration profiles in an exposure solution by scaling a determined profile.

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Mixture Toxicities of Three Pesticides Having Different Time‐Toxicity Profiles

Liu

Wang

et al. 2014

Chin. J. Chem.

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In the environment, chemical pollutants always exist as mixtures. To evaluate mixture toxicity, we should examine the concentration ratios and the concentration levels of mixture components as well as the interactive time between the components and testing organism. Selecting three pesticides, metribuzin (MET), dodine (DOD) and ridomil (RID), as mixture components, Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 as testing organism, and 96-well microplate as exposure experiment carrier, the luminescence inhibition toxicities of the pesticides and their binary mixtures at six exposure time points (0.25, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h) were determined. The results showed that the three pesticides have different time-toxicity profiles. The toxicity of MET increases over time, and those of DOD and RID show a slight decrease or increase in the first 4 h, respectively, and then remain unchanged to 16 h. The toxicities of the binary mixtures consisting of the three pesticides depend on not only the mixture composition but also the exposure time. The time-toxicity profiles of all rays in MET-DOD mixture system are U-shaped curves, those in MET-RID system are basically monotonically increased and those in DOD-RID system are basically monotonically decreased. However, our findings indicate that for the test substances, mixture toxicity can be predicted by the extended concentration addition model.

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Influence of microplate material on the sensitivity of growth inhibition tests with bacteria assessing toxic organic substances in water and waste water

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Quantitation and prediction of sorptive losses during toxicity testing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) using polystyrene 96-well plates

Quantitation and prediction of sorptive losses during toxicity testing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) using polystyrene 96-well plates

How to Deal with Lipophilic and Volatile Organic Substances in Microtiter Plate Assays?

Mixture Toxicities of Three Pesticides Having Different Time‐Toxicity Profiles

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