“…Surface flame-retardant treatment − is one of the most effective methods to impart flame retardancy to cotton and its blends, which is economical and suitable for industrialization. , In recent decades, many surface treatment technologies have been developed to enhance the flame retardancy of textiles, including the sol–gel technique, plasma treatment, surface grafting treatment, layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition, etc. , Among them, LbL is prominent due to its wide range of coating components and environmentally friendly features. , In general, LbL is conducted by alternately depositing positively and negatively charged species via electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, etc. , A variety of LbL-assembled systems, such as chitosan/phytic acid, polyethylenimine/ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and chitosan/sodium hexametaphosphate (PSP), have been applied to endow cotton fabrics and their blends with flame retardancy. Despite many benefits of the LbL assembly method, the fussy deposition processes make it difficult for large-scale production …”