A combined experimental and modeling research is performed to study the anisotropic elastoplastic and damage responses of SiC particle-reinforced Al composite sheets. To investigate the effects of the composite processing, two sets of specimens cut from the heat-treated and as-rolled composite sheets are tested under uniaxial loading. The dependence of the strength, plastic flow, and strain ratios on the rolling angles are discussed in detail. To model the phenomena observed in the experiments, a micromechanics-based damage framework is further developed. The interfacial debonding and the rolling angle's effects are integrated into this model. Good consistency between the experimental results and the analytical predications demonstrates the validity of the theoretical model.