Influence of mild cold on the components of 24 hour thermogenesis in rats.

Brown, Dorothy A.; Livesey, Geoffrey; Dauncey, M. J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1991.sp018743

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Morrison [27] first demonstrated that SPA in rodents accounted for 25% of total energy expenditure, the magnitude of which was later confirmed by Brown et al [28] and Girardier et al [29]. These findings in rodents parallel data from human studies demonstrating the significant impact of SPA-induced energy expenditure on total energy expenditure [9, 16, 30].…”

Section: Physiological Significance Of Spa and Neat To Energy Balancesupporting

confidence: 75%

Neuropeptidergic Mediators of Spontaneous Physical Activity and Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Teske¹,

Billington

Kotz³

2007

Neuroendocrinology

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Lean individuals have high levels of spontaneous physical activity (SPA) and the energy expenditure derived from that activity, termed non-exercise activity thermogenesis or NEAT, appears to protect them from obesity. Conversely, obesity in different human populations is characterized by low levels of SPA and NEAT. Like in humans, elevated SPA in rats appears to protect against obesity: obesity-resistant rats have significantly greater SPA and NEAT than obesity-prone rats. We review the literature on brain mechanisms important in mediating SPA and NEAT. The focus is on neuropeptides, including cholecystokinin, corticotropin-releasing hormone (also known as corticotropin-releasing factor), neuromedin U, neuropeptide Y, leptin, agouti-related protein, orexin-A (also known as hypocretin-1), and ghrelin. We also review information regarding interactions between these neuropeptides and dopamine, a neurotransmitter important in mediating motor function. Finally, we present evidence that elevated signaling of pathways mediating SPA and NEAT may protect against weight gain and obesity.

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Section: Physiological Significance Of Spa and Neat To Energy Balancesupporting

confidence: 75%

Neuropeptidergic Mediators of Spontaneous Physical Activity and Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Teske¹,

Billington

Kotz³

2007

Neuroendocrinology

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“…It is well known that an ambient temperature of 21 8C represents a mild cold stress to an individually housed rat (Brown et al 1991). Indeed, total heat production over 24 h was w25% higher for rats at 21 than 28 8C and underlying thermogenesis was w20% higher for those in mild cold (Golozoubova et al 2004, Feldmann et al 2009.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triiodothyronine induces lipid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in rat Harderian gland

Santillo

Burrone

Falvo

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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The rat Harderian gland (HG) is an orbital gland producing a copious lipid secretion. Recent studies indicate that its secretory activity is regulated by thyroid hormones. In this study, we found that both isoforms of the thyroid hormone receptor (Tra (Thra) and Trb (Thrb)) are expressed in rat HGs. Although Thra is expressed at a higher level, only Thrb is regulated by triiodothyronine (T 3 ). Because T 3 induces an increase in lipid metabolism in rat HGs, we investigated the effects of an animal's thyroid state on the expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (Cpt1a) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B (Cpt1b) and acyl-CoA oxidase (Acox1) (rate-limiting enzymes in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation respectively), as well as on the mitochondrial compartment, thereby correlating mitochondrial activity and biogenesis with morphological analysis. We found that hypothyroidism decreased the expression of Cpt1b and Acox1 mRNA, whereas the administration of T 3 to hypothyroid rats increased transcript levels. Respiratory parameters and catalase protein levels provided further evidence that T 3 modulates mitochondrial and peroxisomal activities. Furthermore, in hypothyroid rat HGs, the mitochondrial number and their total area decreased with respect to the controls, whereas the average area of the individual mitochondrion did not change. However, the average area of the individual mitochondrion was reduced by w50% in hypothyroid T 3 -treated HGs, and the mitochondrial number and the total area of the mitochondrial compartment increased. The mitochondrial morphometric data correlated well with the molecular results. Indeed, hypothyroid status did not modify the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis genes such as Ppargc1a, Nrf1 and Tfam, whereas T 3 treatment increased the expression level of these genes.

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“…These results indicate that 'catch-up' growth of some organs or tissues was occurring between the second and fourth weeks of postnatal life, despite no change in feed intake between groups. A possible explanation for this effect is that CR lambs were altering their sleep-wake-activity cycles, which can act to conserve energy in cold-acclimated animals (Brown, Lavas & Dauncey, 1991), thereby increasing energy available for growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental effects on thermoregulation and breathing patterns during early postnatal development in hand‐reared lambs

Symonds¹,

Andrews²,

Buss³

et al. 1995

Experimental Physiology

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SUMMARYThis study examines the effect of hand-rearing developing lambs in a warm (WR; 25°C) or cool (CR; 10-15°C) ambient temperature on the control of thermoregulation and breathing patterns, when maintained at a fixed level of nutrition over the first month of postnatal life. Measurements were made during non-rapid eye movement sleep whilst lambs were maintained for at least 1 h at warm (28-19°C) and cold (14-5°C) ambient temperatures at 1, 7, 14 and 30 days of age. All lambs were able to maintain normal body temperature, but oxygen consumption was higher in CR lambs at 14 and 30 days of age. At 1 day of age shivering was rarely observed in any lambs, but at 7 and 14 days of age more WR than CR lambs responded to cold exposure via shivering. Plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine were higher at 7 and 14 days of age in CR lambs. Breathing frequencies were similar in WR and CR lambs, and from 7 days of age the incidence of expiratory laryngeal braking was higher in warm compared with cold study temperatures. By 30 days of age the recruitment of this mechanism was greater in CR lambs. Mean growth rate was slower over the first week of postnatal life in CR compared with WR lambs. This difference decreased over the first month of life, as growth rate increased from 83 to 130 g day-' in the CR group but remained constant at approximately 150 g day-' in the WR lambs. Total weight of the lungs and heart, but not the liver, were lower at 1 month but not at 1 week of postnatal life in CR lambs. It is concluded that a modest decrease in the ambient temperature in which postnatal lambs are reared, when on a fixed feed intake, alters lung size, the recruitment of laryngeal braking and the control of body temperature.

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Influence of mild cold on the components of 24 hour thermogenesis in rats.

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Neuropeptidergic Mediators of Spontaneous Physical Activity and Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Neuropeptidergic Mediators of Spontaneous Physical Activity and Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis

Triiodothyronine induces lipid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis in rat Harderian gland

Environmental effects on thermoregulation and breathing patterns during early postnatal development in hand‐reared lambs

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