Influence of Military Training and Standardized Nutrition in Military Unit on Soldiers' Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness

Tomczak, Andrzej; Bertrandt, Jerzy; Kłos, Anna; Kłos, Krzysztof

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000000716

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In total, 38 studies were selected and included in the qualitative synthesis. The majority of studies were conducted in the US [14, 17, 21–42], followed by Europe [43–54]. Ten studies included recruits during basic military training [21, 25, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56], while 28 included fully qualified military personnel [14, 17, 22–24, 26–42, 45, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies were conducted in the US [14, 17, 21–42], followed by Europe [43–54]. Ten studies included recruits during basic military training [21, 25, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56], while 28 included fully qualified military personnel [14, 17, 22–24, 26–42, 45, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54]. Included studies were conducted in different military branches, including the Navy [14, 22, 26, 32], Air Force [17, 23, 30, 31, 34, 40–42], Army [33, 35–38, 49, 51, 53, 54], Defense Force [46], multiple military branches [24, 26–29] and military service/basic military training [21, 25, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten studies included recruits during basic military training [21, 25, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56], while 28 included fully qualified military personnel [14, 17, 22–24, 26–42, 45, 46, 49, 51, 53, 54]. Included studies were conducted in different military branches, including the Navy [14, 22, 26, 32], Air Force [17, 23, 30, 31, 34, 40–42], Army [33, 35–38, 49, 51, 53, 54], Defense Force [46], multiple military branches [24, 26–29] and military service/basic military training [21, 25, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 56]. Twelve studies were RCTs [14, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 35–37, 41, 51, 52], nine studies were nonrandomized control trials or quasi-experimental studies [17, 26, 31, 43, 44, 46, 47, 50, 52], 13 studies were longitudinal studies [21, 22, 24, 28, 38–40, 45, 48, 49, 54–56], and four studies were retrospective studies […”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review

2018

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BackgroundResearch has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management, dietary and physical activity interventions in military settings. However, a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence and describe key components of effective interventions in terms of improving body composition, dietary behaviors, and physical activity among active-duty military personnel.MethodsPubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched on the 17th of November 2017 to identify interventions that promoted diet and/or physical activity among active-duty military personnel. Studies were included if they assessed outcomes related to anthropometric measurements, dietary behaviors, or fitness/physical activity levels. There were no restrictions regarding publication date, follow-up duration, and sex. After screening, a total of 136 studies were eligible. Of these studies, 38 included an educational and/or behavioral change component, and 98 had only physical or fitness training as part of basic military training. Only studies that included an educational and/or behavioral change component were assessed for quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool and included in the qualitative synthesis of the results.ResultsBased on consistent evidence from studies that were rated as moderate or strong, there is good evidence that military weight management interventions are effective in improving body composition for durations of up to 12 months. Effective interventions are more likely to be high intensity (have a greater number of sessions), are more often delivered by specialists, and use theoretical base/behavioral change techniques and a standardized guideline. Dietary interventions can potentially reduce total fat and saturated fat intake. Dietary interventions that target the kitchen staff and/or increase the availability of healthy food are more likely to be effective in the short term. The results regarding military physical fitness interventions were inconclusive.ConclusionDespite limitations such as the diversity and heterogeneity of the included interventions, outcome measurements, and follow-up duration, this systematic review found good evidence that weight management interventions are effective, especially in terms of weight loss. More studies are needed to acquire solid evidence for effectiveness for durations longer than 12 months and to identify key components of the effective dietary and physical activity educational and/or behavioral change interventions, especially in countries outside Europe and the US.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40779-018-0190-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review

2018

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“…For some occupations, such as firefighters and the police, introducing a health and fitness program can lead to a reduction in the time needed to perform occupational activities [69, 70]. Among military personnel, these programs have led to an increase in performance during physical fitness testing [71]. Positive cost effective outcomes have also been evident in military settings.…”

Section: Physical Fitnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring

2017

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Naval cohorts rely heavily on personnel to ensure the efficient running of naval organisations. As such, the wellbeing of personnel is essential. In an occupational setting, naval service personnel experience a variety of physiological and psychological stressors. Most naval services arrange annual physical fitness and body composition tests to ensure the physical readiness of personnel. However, these tests only evaluate a small amount of physiological capabilities. Components such as aerobic and strength capabilities are assessed, however, other components of physical fitness such as speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and flexibility are not. In addition to the physical capabilities, personnel are impacted by fatigue, nutrition and psychological stressors such as copping in stressful situations or dealing with time away from family and friends. This review will discuss the physiological and psychological factors that affect personnel’s wellbeing. In addition to this, it will also evaluate the methods that are used to assess both physiological and psychological wellbeing.

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“…11,12,13 It is also clear that the eating habits connect to the soldiers' physical condition. 14,15 Our goal was to reveal the relationships between the physical skills necessary for military service and some of the health behaviour factors and also to identify those non-physical lifestyle parameters which could in uence the cardio-, vascular training rates, as well as the muscle strength endurance of arm and trunk muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear regression correlation of health behaviour factors and fitness skills in the Hungarian Defence Forces

Novák

Hornyák

Rázsó

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundThe observance of health behaviour recommendations is particularly important in the armed forces where about a certain level of the different physical abilities has to be given account of regularly during work too. The aim of the research is to analyse certain areas of the soldiers’ lifestyle how much they influence the reached scores on the physical tests used by the Hungarian Defence Forces.Sample and MethodDuring examination we compared the results of the prevention data sheet of the soldiers (n=490) appeared on the annual health screening in 2015 against their points obtained on the annual physical fitness test (PFT). The average age of the sample test was 34,1 years (+ 6,91 years) and the proportion of the women was 13,5%. In the test our participants’ average height was 177,64 cm (+7,49 cm), the average weight was 78,94 kg (+12,07 kg). According to the prevention data sheet we analysed the eating habits, frequency of psychosomatic waist pain, body mass index (BMI), the relationship between age and smoking status in relation to scores obtained by stamina and strength endurance practices. To assess the physical fitness of the cardio-vascular endurance we used the results of the 3200 m flat race and for the strength endurance survey we used the results of the scores from lying on the back sit-up with bent legs and arm bending in push-up performed within 2 minutes in a maximum repeat number.ResultsThe growth of the body mass index with 0,1 meant 2 points loss. Regarding the frequency of vegetable-, fruit-, cereal-, and dairy product consumption we found a significant difference (p <0,05) in correlation of the obtained scores on the PFT. The back pain as a symptom appearing monthly meant an advantage on the strength endurance tests, as for smoking on the physical fitness tests. Age did not influence the results of the physical tests significantly. ConclusionThe detection of the connection between certain health behaviour factors and the physical parameters can be one of the strategic tasks of the military supply service.

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Influence of Military Training and Standardized Nutrition in Military Unit on Soldiers' Nutritional Status and Physical Fitness

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review

Dietary, physical activity, and weight management interventions among active-duty military personnel: a systematic review

A review of the physiological and psychological health and wellbeing of naval service personnel and the modalities used for monitoring

Linear regression correlation of health behaviour factors and fitness skills in the Hungarian Defence Forces

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