Influence of mine drainage on water quality along River Nyaba in Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria

Nganje, T. N.; Adamu, Christopher Iorfa; Ntekim, E. E. U.; Ugbaja, A. N.; Neji, Peter Amba; Nfor, Emmanuel N.

doi:10.5897/ajest09.146

Cited by 23 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…in the basin with its source from Enugu southern section of Enugu, the State capital, and passes through various land use/land cover types. From its source to where it empties into the Aboine River in Ebonyi State, the Nyaba River is about 52.21 kilometers long with a drainage basin area of 921km River [29].…”

Section: Methods Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Channel Morphology of the Nyaba River from Hydraulic Variables

Aniebone, Victor Obiora

2024

JCMPS

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The study investigated the predictability of the hydraulic variables on the morphology of the Nyaba River channel in southeastern Nigeria. The study's objective was to analyze the relationship between channel morphology and hydraulic variables such as Discharge, Velocity, Suspended sediment yield, and Bed load sediment of the Nyaba River. Primary and secondary data sources are used in this study.The ANOVA and Regression analysis statistics are used for data analysis. The findings revealed a significant correlation between channel morphology and channel form processes. The correlation between Channel morphology, Discharge, Velocity, Suspended sediment, and Bed load sediment showed that discharge alone provided 97.8% explanations for variations in channel morphology of the Nyaba River while velocity provided 1.8% explanations for the variations.In conclusion, the study showed that the predicted variability in the geometry of the Nyaba River channel is the hydraulic variable.Hence the major predictors of channel changes are discharge and velocity. The author recommends employing appropriate conservation mechanisms to protect the river channel against erosion. The channel should be cleared of wood debris regularly as this may enhance over-flooding during the rainy season.

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Section: Methods Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Channel Morphology of the Nyaba River from Hydraulic Variables

Aniebone, Victor Obiora

2024

JCMPS

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Current Approaches for Mitigating Acid Mine Drainage

Sahoo

Kim

Equeenuddin

et al. 2013

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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AMD is one of the critical environmental problems that causes acidification and metal contamination of surface and ground water bodies when mine materials and/or over burden-containing metal sulfides are exposed to oxidizing conditions. The best option to limit AMD is early avoidance of sulfide oxidation. Several techniques are available to achieve this. In this paper, we review all of the major methods now used to limit sulfide oxidation. These fall into five categories: (1) physical barriers,(2) bacterial inhibition, (3) chemical passivation, ( 4) electrochemical, and (5) desulfurization.We describe the processes underlying each method by category and then address aspects relating to effectiveness, cost, and environmental impact. This paper may help researchers and environmental engineers to select suitable methods for addressing site-specific AMD problems.Irrespective of the mechanism by which each method works, all share one common feature, i.e., they delay or prevent oxidation. In addition, all have limitations.Physical barriers such as wet or dry cover have retarded sulfide oxidation in several studies; however, both wet and dry barriers exhibit only short-term effectiveness.Wet cover is suitable at specific sites where complete inundation is established, but this approach requires high maintenance costs. When employing dry cover, plastic liners are expensive and rarely used for large volumes of waste. Bactericides can suppress oxidation, but are only effective on fresh tailings and short-lived, and do not serve as a permanent solution to AMD. In addition, application of bactericides may be toxic to aquatic organisms.Encapsulation or passivation of sulfide surfaces (applying organic and/or inorganic coatings) is simple and effective in preventing AMD. Among inorganic coatings,silica is the most promising, stable, acid-resistant and long lasting, as compared to phosphate and other inorganic coatings. Permanganate passivation is also promising because it creates an inert coating on the sulfide surface, but the mechanism by which this method works is still unclear, especially the role of pH. Coatings of Fe-oxyhydroxide, which can be obtained from locally available fly ash are receiving attention because of its low cost, self-healing character, and high cementation capacity. Among organic coatings, lipids and natural compounds such as humic acid appear to be encouraging because they are effective, and have a low environmental impact and cost. Common advantages of organic vs. inorganic coatings are that they work best at low pH and can prevent both chemical and biological oxidation.However, organic coatings are more expensive than inorganic coatings. Furthermore,while organic coatings are effective under laboratory conditions, they often fail under field conditions or require large amounts of reagents to insure effectiveness.Electrochemical cover technology may become a suitable technique to prevent AMD, but the mechanism by which this technique operates is still under investigation.Limitations of this method in...

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Biosorption of heavy metals in a photo-rotating biological contactor—a batch process study

Orandi

Lewis

2012

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Metal removal potential of indigenous mining microorganisms from acid mine drainage (AMD) has been well recognised in situ at mine sites. However, their removal capacity requires to be investigated for AMD treatment. In the reported study, the capacity of an indigenous AMD microbial consortium dominated with Klebsormidium sp., immobilised in a photo-rotating biological contactor (PRBC), was investigated for removing various elements from a multi-ion synthetic AMD. The synthetic AMD was composed of major (Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Ca, Na, Ni) and trace elements (Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Se, Ag, Mo) at initial concentrations of 2 to 100 mg/L and 0.005 to 1 mg/L, respectively. The PRBC was operated for two 7-day batch periods under pH conditions of 3 and 5. The maximum removal was observed after 3 and 6 days at pH 3 and 5, respectively. Daily water analysis data demonstrated the ability of the algal-microbial biofilm to remove an overall average of 25-40 % of the major elements at pH 3 in the order of Na > Cu > Ca > Mg > Mn > Ni > Zn, whereas a higher removal (35-50 %) was observed at pH 5 in the order of Cu > Mn > Mg > Ca > Ni > Zn > Na. The removal efficiency of the system for trace elements varied extensively between 3 and 80 % at the both pH conditions. The batch data results demonstrated the ability for indigenous AMD algal-microbial biofilm for removing a variety of elements from AMD in a PRBC. The work presents the potential for further development and scale-up to use PBRC inoculated with AMD microorganisms at mine sites for first or secondary AMD treatment.

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Influence of mine drainage on water quality along River Nyaba in Enugu South-Eastern Nigeria

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Predicting Channel Morphology of the Nyaba River from Hydraulic Variables

Predicting Channel Morphology of the Nyaba River from Hydraulic Variables

Current Approaches for Mitigating Acid Mine Drainage

Biosorption of heavy metals in a photo-rotating biological contactor—a batch process study

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