Influence of Mineral Nutrition Elements on Photosynthetic Processes Occurring in Plants and Productivity of Tomatoes in the Volga Delta Conditions

Abstract

Mineral fertilizers play an important role in increasing the productivity and yield of tomato plants in the conditions of irrigation. This article presents data on the study of various combinations of mineral elements (N90P80K45 kg/ha), and their influence on photosynthetic processes occurring in plants, and tomato productivity in conditions of the Volga Delta on alluvial-meadow heavy loamy weakly saline alkali soils of the Astrakhan region. Studies have shown that with the correct application of mineral fertilizers, it is possible to positively influence the flow of such an important physiological process in the plant as photosynthesis, contributing to an increase in organic matter and increasing the productivity of tomato plants in the conditions of irrigation. For the formation of the assimilation apparatus of tomatoes, the most effective was the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers. The use of potash and phosphorous fertilizers in a paired combination restrained the growth of the leaf surface of plants. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers had approximately the same effect on the increase in daily increments of plant organic matter and the accumulation of fruit dry matter, which increased the biological yield of tomatoes by 35% compared to the control (without fertilizers). The exclusion of nitrogen or phosphorus from the composition of fertilizers led to a decrease in the yield increase. The use of potash fertilizers did not significantly affect the photosynthetic activity of plants.