Influence of modification of dental porcelains with hybrid nanomaterial on surface characteristics, antimicrobial, chemical, and mechanical properties

Abstract

Evaluated the effect of incorporation of the nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO3) into dental porcelains on surface characteristics, antimicrobial, chemical, and mechanical properties. The percentages of 2.5% and 5% of β-AgVO3 were incorporated into commercial dental porcelains IPS Inline and Ex-3 Noritake. Surface characteristics were evaluated by SEM/EDS. Antimicrobial activity were investigated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by colony counts (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, and multiphoton microscopy. The chemical and mechanical behavior was evaluated by silver (Ag+) and vanadium (V4+/V5+) ions release, microhardness, roughness, and fracture toughness. Statistical tests Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-hoc were applied for antimicrobial analysis and ions release, and ANOVA and Bonferroni's post-hoc, for mechanical analysis. The nanomaterial interferes in the material’s morphology but does not alter the porcelain’s components. IPS Inline 5% reduced S. mutans and S. sobrinus (p<0.05), and Ex-3 Noritake 5% reduced S. sobrinus (p<0.05). The IPS Inline 2.5% reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (p<0.05). IPS Inline 5% released more Ag+ (p<0.05), and Ex-3 Noritake 2.5% released more V4+/V5+ (p<0.05). The β-AgVO3 increased the fracture toughness of IPS Inline, the roughness for all groups, and decreased the microhardness of 2.5% group (p<0.05). β-AgVO3 incorporation influenced on morphology but not altered the porcelain’s components, promoted antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, due to the Ag+ and V4+/V5+ released and influenced the porcelain’s mechanical properties.