Thyroid cancer is a common disease, and surgical intervention is the preferred treatment option. However, in order to ensure surgical effectiveness and safety, perioperative nursing is crucial. Chinese experts have put forward various opinions and recommendations regarding the nursing care for thyroid cancer, among which fast track surgery (FTS) has gained popularity as a nursing approach. FTS encompasses preoperative and postoperative care, with the aim of promoting early patient recovery and emphasizing a patient-centered care philosophy. It has shown significant application value. This article provides a brief overview of the emergence and development of FTS, and introduces the perioperative nursing of FTS for thyroid cancer, hoping to offer theoretical reference for healthcare professionals in the field.