Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby

Schulze, Antina; Kwast, Stefan; Busse, Martin

doi:10.1055/a-0891-7021

Cited by 10 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Overall, it can be assumed that the nMG reduces the sympathetic tonus in the present study [19]. The ergogenic effect described so far with the MG [12,24,25,37] thus appear to be dependent on the load requirement.…”

Section: Reduced Peripheral Breathing Reflexessupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Studies found that this type of MG reduced ventilation (V E ) without negatively affecting performance or oxygen uptake. It was also found that when using these self-adapted MGs with breathing channels, blood lactate was often lower compared to that with the use of a traditional self-adapted MG or no MG [9][10][11][12]. These results suggest improved alveolar V E , which potentially increases respiratory efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In summary, the PLB mechanism [9,10,14], an improvement in the biomechanics of the muscles [12,24,25,37,43], or a reduced peripheral respiratory drive [11,34] have all been described as possible explanations for the effects of the use of MGs. There is no difference in avDO 2 between performance with and without MGs.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Plbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study focused on individually customized MGs, which are more comfortable and have a better fit compared to selfadapting MGs [18,21,22]. Some studies observed improved peripheral biomechanical control due to the influence of custom made MGs [11,12,[23][24][25][26]. Various independent studies claim that customized MGs have beneficial effects with regard to aerobic energy supply, with significant improvements in mean power, peak power, and time to peak power, when assessed with a 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test when wearing an individually custom made MG [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various independent studies claim that customized MGs have beneficial effects with regard to aerobic energy supply, with significant improvements in mean power, peak power, and time to peak power, when assessed with a 30 s Wingate Anaerobic Test when wearing an individually custom made MG [24,25]. These studies indicate that custom made MGs are superior to either no MG or self-adapted MGs [11,12,19,20,[23][24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

et al. 2020

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The importance of using mouthguards as well as their low acceptance rate have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of customized mouthguards on hemodynamics.. This randomized crossover study used data from 13 subjects (23.5±1.4 years). The cardiopulmonary and metabolic parameters were observed during ergometer tests without mouthguard (control) in comparison to two types of mouthguards (with and normal without breathing channels). Maximum ventilation was significantly decreased with the normal mouthguard (113.3±30.00 l ∙ min−1) in contrast to the mouthguard with breathing channels (122.5±22.9 l ∙ min−1) and control (121.9±30.8 l ∙ min−1). Also the inspiration time was longer when using the normal mouthguard (0.70±0.11 s) compared to the mouthguard with breathing channels (0.63±0.11 s) and control (Co 0.64±0.10 s). Lactate was also increased under the influence of the mouthguard with breathing channels (10.72±1.4 mmol ∙ l−1) compared to the control (9.40±1.77 mmol ∙ l−1) and the normal mouthguard (9.02±1.67 mmol ∙ l−1). In addition, stroke volume kinetics (p=0.048) and maximum heart rates (p=0.01) show changes. Despite equal levels of oxygen uptake and performances under all three conditions, the use of mouthguards showed differences in cardiopulmonary parameters. The use of mouthguards during exercise does not affect physical performance and can be recommended for injury prevention.

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Section: Reduced Peripheral Breathing Reflexessupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Mechanism Of Plbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

et al. 2020

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The effects of custom‐made mouthguard design on physiological parameters and players' perception in rugby union

Karaganeva,

Tomlinson,

Pinner

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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Some sports participants are often reluctant to wear a mouthguard due to issues with comfort, breathing and communication. However, there is limited evidence that investigates the use of custom‐made mouthguards and variations in design as key factors to minimise these issues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of custom‐made mouthguard design on cardiopulmonary function, exercise performance and perception of comfort in rugby union players. Fourteen rugby players (aged 20.2 ± 1.19 years) were recruited to undertake a rugby‐specific exercise protocol on a treadmill over four conditions (no mouthguard and three custom‐made mouthguard designs). Cardiopulmonary responses were assessed using breath‐by‐breath analysis, in conjunction with blood lactate (BLa) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was assessed before and after the study to identify any changes in players' level of performance. Participants scored each mouthguard in relation to preference, comfort, breathing, protection and retention. There were no differences in oxygen uptake (p = 0.785, = 0.021), ventilation (p = 0.952, = 0.007), respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.564, = 0.039) and heart rate (p = 0.830, = 0.017), whilst participants performed with the selected custom‐made mouthguards. However, RPE was higher without a mouthguard than whilst using two of the mouthguards during the first 3 min of exercise, in combination with higher BLa accumulation (p ≤ 0.05). Although there was no statistical difference between mouthguard designs in the ratings around comfort, there was a preference towards mouthguards with reduced palatal coverage. Individual preference in design may improve compliance of wearing a mouthguard without affecting physiological parameters.

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Decreased exercise capacity in young athletes using self-adapted mouthguards

et al. 2021

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Purpose There is evidence of both the preventive effects and poor acceptance of mouthguards. There are various effects on performance depending on the type of mouthguard model. Hemodynamic responses to wearing a mouthguard have not been described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of self-adapted mouthguards with breathing channels (SAMGvent). Methods In this randomized crossover study, 17 healthy, active subjects (age 25.12 ± 2.19 years) underwent body plethysmography and performed two incremental exertion tests wearing a (SAMGvent) and not wearing (CON) a mouthguard. Blood lactate, spirometrics, and thoracic impedance were measured during these maximum exercise tests. Results The mean values using a SAMGvent revealed significantly greater airway resistance compared to CON (0.53 ± 0.16 kPa·L−1 vs. 0.35 ± 0.10 kPa·L−1, respectively; p = < 0.01). At maximum load, ventilation with SAMGvent was less than CON (118.4 ± 28.17 L min−1 vs. 128.2 ± 32.16 L min−1, respectively; p = < 0.01). At submaximal loads, blood lactate responses with SAMGvent were higher than CON (8.68 ± 2.20 mmol·L−1 vs. 7.89 ± 1.65 mmol·L−1, respectively; p < 0.01). Maximum performance with a SAMGvent was 265.9 ± 59.9 W, and without a mouthguard was 272.9 ± 60.8 W (p < 0.01). Maximum stroke volume was higher using a SAMGvent than without using a mouthguard (138.4 ± 29.9 mL vs. 130.2 ± 21.2 mL, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion Use of a self-adapted mouthguard led to increased metabolic effort and a significant reduction in ventilation parameters. Unchanged oxygen uptake may be the result of cardiopulmonary compensation and increased breathing efforts, which slightly affects performance. These results and the obvious preventive effects of mouthguards support their use in sports.

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Influence of Mouthguards on Physiological Responses in Rugby

Cited by 10 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

Effects of Custom-made Mouthguards on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity

The effects of custom‐made mouthguard design on physiological parameters and players' perception in rugby union

Decreased exercise capacity in young athletes using self-adapted mouthguards

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