Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Trapped at the Interface of an Immiscible Polymer Blend on Interfacial Tension

Prediction of interfacial tension of compatibilized polymer blends is a challenging open problem, where experiments and theories hardly support each other. In this work, constitutive models proposed for quantifying the interfacial tension of compatibilized polymer blends were revisited and their limitations/capabilities were discussed. In view of available data in the literature, which could provide with possibility of comparison between interfacial tension values obtained in this work and those published before, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyamide‐6 and HDPE/polyethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol pairs comprising varying amounts of HDPE‐g‐maleic anhydride compatibilizer precursor were prepared for obtaining model parameters. The inability of theories in monitoring the interfacial tension was accordingly uncovered. However, outcomes from both theoretical and experimental data provided some insights for elucidating the interplay between interfacial tension and rheological characteristics of the studied compatibilized blends. It was also attempted to uncover the relationships between particle size, particle size distribution, and rheological properties of blends compatibilized with different amounts of HDPE‐g‐maleic anhydride precursor. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46144.

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“…Unfortunately at the same time quite obviously, the resulting model [eq. ] appeared not suitable for blends having broad droplet size distributions

G_{b}^{*} (ω) = G_{m}^{*} (ω) true[\frac{1 + 3 ϕ_{d} H}{1 - 2 ϕ_{d} H} true]

H (w) = \frac{\frac{4 γ}{R_{ν}} true[2 G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) + 5 G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) true] + true[true(G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) - G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) true) true(19 G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) + 16 G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) true) true]}{\frac{40 γ}{R_{ν}} true[G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) + 5 G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) true] + true[true(2 G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) + 3 G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) true) true(19 G_{d}^{*} true(ω true) + 16 G_{M}^{*} true(ω true) true) true]}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extent to which polymer components in a multicomponent polymer system phase‐separate depends on the interfacial tension between each pair in the blend . If the interfacial tension of a polymer pair is sufficiently low, domains of the minor phase are theoretically expected to elongate under flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking back to interfacial tension prediction in the compatibilized polymer blends: Discrepancies between theories and experiments

Asl

Saeb

Jafari

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…So far, it is generally accepted that the decrease of the phase domain of the dispersed particles is mainly related to the steric hindrance of CNTs which selectively locate at the interface. In this condition, CNTs act as a rigid shell, which prevents coalescence of the colliding particles . Meanwhile, it can be assumed that if the compatibilizer and CNTs are simultaneously present in the immiscible polymer blends and the compatibilizer exhibits the strongest affinity to CNTs among the polymer components, it possibly leads to the selective localization of CNTs at the interface or at the side of one phase in the interface; on the other hand, both compatibilizer and CNTs possibly influence the microstructure evolution of the immiscible polymer blends during the melt‐compounding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effect of compatibilizer and carbon nanotubes on the morphology and electrical conductivity of PP/PS blend

Chen

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2014

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this work, maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene copolymer (SEBS-g-MA) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into the immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene (PP/PS) blend. Among the three polymer components, SEBS-g-MA has the strongest affinity to CNTs; thus, it exhibits dual effects to adjust the phase morphology of the blends and the dispersion state of CNTs in the blends. The experimental observations obtained from morphology characterizations using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope confirm the selective localization of CNTs at the interface of the immiscible PP/PS blend. As a consequence, largely decreased percolation threshold is achieved when most of CNTs are selectively localized at the interface region between PP and PS. Figure 5. (a) Variations of the electrical resistivity of different composites as indicated in the graph with the increasing content of CNTs, and (b) log-log plots of the electrical conductivity versus reduced CNT content of the composites. Here, P3S7MxC and S7P3MxC represent the samples which were prepared using the master batches of (PS + SEBS-g-MA)/CNT and (PS + SEBS-g-MA)/CNT, respectively. P3S7xC represents the samples which were prepared using PP/CNT master batch, and x represents the content of CNTs in the samples. The weight ratio of PS, PP and SEBS-g-MA in all the samples was maintained at 70:30:5. This figure is available in colour online at wileyonlinelibrary.com

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“…However, the degree to which thermal, mechanical, and shape memory behavior was improved might principally have been higher if we could enhance interfacial adhesion between ABS, TPU, and MWCNTs components. The positive role of nanotubes in compatibilization and refinement of the morphology of dispersed phase in immiscible polymer blends has been already addressed . In this sense, the effect of addition of reactive ABS, that is, maleic anhydride‐ grafted ABS (ABS‐g‐MAH) as compatibilizer and its combination with MWCNTs on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties as well as shape memory behavior of the TPU/ABS blends was discussed for the first time in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Thermo‐mechanical and shape memory behavior of TPU/ABS/MWCNTs nanocomposites compatibilized with ABS‐g‐MAH

et al. 2018

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Thermo‐mechanical and shape memory behavior of melt processed TPU/ABS (80/20 w/w) blends compatibilized with varying amounts of ABS‐g‐MAH loaded with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were discussed. The morphological observations by SEM and TEM techniques confirmed that introduction of ABS‐g‐MAH leads to a significant reduction in the size of ABS domain size due to improvement of interfacial adhesion between the blend components. Incorporation of MWCNTs to the compatibilized blend resulted in further reduction of the ABS droplet size. Mechanical properties investigations revealed that tensile strength of the TPU/ABS blend being about 26.4 MPa increases to 44.6 MPa, that is, about 70% improvement, on incorporation of 6 wt% ABS‐g‐MAH to the noncompatibilized blend. In the same direction, Young's modulus increases ca. 13%. A significant enhancement of about 70% in Young's modulus of the compatibilized blend was observed by inclusion of 2 wt% MWNCNTs. The shape memory results showed that interfacial compatibilization process has a strong positive impact on the shape recovery and shape fixity ratio of the blends. Moreover, loading MWCNTs into the compatibilized blend further improved these features. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:789–800, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Trapped at the Interface of an Immiscible Polymer Blend on Interfacial Tension

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Looking back to interfacial tension prediction in the compatibilized polymer blends: Discrepancies between theories and experiments

Looking back to interfacial tension prediction in the compatibilized polymer blends: Discrepancies between theories and experiments

Combined effect of compatibilizer and carbon nanotubes on the morphology and electrical conductivity of PP/PS blend

Thermo‐mechanical and shape memory behavior of TPU/ABS/MWCNTs nanocomposites compatibilized with ABS‐g‐MAH

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