Influence of n‐3 fatty acids on blood lipids in normal subjects

Sanders, Thomas A. B.; Hinds, Alison; Pereira, Claudia Cristina Alves

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01442.x

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Moderate intakes of EPA and DHA, either as fish oil or ethyl esters, increase HDLz-cholesterol but high intakes decrease HDL-cholesterol, as seen with very high intakes of linoleic acid (Harris, 1989;Sanders et al 1989). This is accompanied by a decrease in both cholesterol transfer protein and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.43) activities (Abbey et al 1990) and these changes might explain the increase in HDL2:HDL3.…”

Section: Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both EPA and DHA, but not a-linolenic acid, markedly lower plasma triacylglycerols and VLDL concentrations (Harris, 1989;Sanders et al 1989). Total or LDL-cholesterol concentrations are not usually influenced by moderate intakes (about 3 g n-3 fatty aciddday) of fish oil rich in EPA and DHA.…”

Section: Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fish oil leads to less postprandial lipaemia compared with olive oil (Sanders et al 1989) probably as a result of decreased VLDL production. Prolonged treatment with n-3 fatty acids leads to a marked increase in chylomicron clearance (Harris, 1989).…”

Section: Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine oils: metabolic effects and role in human nutrition

Sanders

1993

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Section: Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine oils: metabolic effects and role in human nutrition

Sanders

1993

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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“…One study has demonstrated that ALNA and long-chain omega-3 PUFA supplementation have equivalent effects on haemostatic factors [31], however other studies have failed to observe significant effects of dietary ALNA on haemostatic variables [61,68]. In addition, unlike EPA and DHA, ALNA supplementation has no effect on plasma TAG concentrations [31,100] except at very high levels of dietary intake. Nevertheless there is some data to support modulatory effects of ALNA on eicosanoids, since ALNA has been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensives [105] and some data is available to suggest that ALNA can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in animals [14] and in healthy adults [57,58] and more recently has been shown to suppress the production of TNF and IL-1 in subjects fed ALNA enriched diets [15].…”

Section: Approaches To Increasing Omega-3 Pufa Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary fatty acids and human health

Williams¹

2000

Ann. Zootech.

537

374

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-A considerable amount of evidence has accumulated to support the view that the very long chain omega 3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) have beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory properties and that levels of their consumption are insufficient in most Western diets. More recently, attention has been given to the possibility that the precursor omega-3 PUFA, alpha linolenic acid (ALNA), may share some of the beneficial actions of EPA/DHA on human health. Further research into the metabolism and physiological actions of ALNA, and comparisons with EPA/DHA, is needed before conclusions regarding the optimal amounts and types of omega-3 PUFA for human health can be defined. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which arises as a metabolic by-product of rumen hydrogenation and which is found in foods of animal origin, has been proposed to possess potent health promoting properties, but much of this research has been conducted in experimental animals. There is an urgent need for complementary studies in human volunteers, to confirm the putative anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherogenic, anti-lipogenic and immuno-suppressive properties of CLA.human health / fatty acids / omega-3 PUFA / conjugated linoleic acid Résumé -Acides gras alimentaires et santé humaine. Il a été amplement démontré que les acides gras à très longue chaîne en oméga 3, les acides eicoapentaenoïque (EPA) et decosahexaenoïque (DHA) ont des effets positifs relatifs à l'apparition des maladies cardio-vasculaires, et des propriété anti-inflammatoires. Leur consommation par l'Homme est insuffisante dans la plupart des pays occidentaux. Récemment il est apparu que l'acide alpha linolénique, précurseur des acides gras en oméga 3, pouvait partager avec l'EPA et le DHA certains effets positifs sur la santé humaine. Des recherches complémentaires sur le métabolisme et le rôle physiologique de l'acide alpha linolénique, ainsi que des comparaisons avec l'EPA et le DHA sont nécessaires avant de pouvoir définir les apports recommandés optimaux de chacun de ces acides gras. L'acide linoléique conjugué (CLA) qui provient du métabolisme ruminal des acides gras et qui est présent dans les aliments d'origine animale, a été décrit comme potentiellement favorable à la santé humaine, mais la plupart des expérimentations ont été conduites sur animaux de laboratoire. Il y a une urgence à réaliser des études complémentaires sur des volontaires humains, afin de confirmer les propriétés annoncées du CLA, à savoir des effets anti-carcinogène, anti-athérogène, anti-lipogénique et une modulation de l'immunité. santé humaine / acides gras / oméga-3 PUFA / acide linoléique conjugué

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“…It has been demonstrated that both ALA and long-chain n-3 PUFA supplementation have equivalent effects on haemostatic factors (Freese & Mutanen, 1997). However, unlike EPA and DHA, ALA supplementation has no effect on plasma TAG concentrations (Sanders et al 1989;Freese & Mutanen, 1997). There are also differences between ALA and the long-chain n-3 PUFA in terms of disease outcome.…”

Section: Defining Optimal Levels Of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsaturated fatty acids

Roche

1999

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

122

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There is good scientific evidence that dietary fatty acid composition is involved in the aetiology of many diseases. Increasing the supply of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may reduce the risk of CHD. Several scientific organizations (for example, see Department of Health, 1991, 1994; British Nutrition Foundation, 1992; Scientific Committee for Food, 1993; Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, 1998) have made recommendations for n−3 PUFA; however, there is a high degree of variation both in terms of the type and amount of n−3 PUFA (up to 7-fold). This variation reflects the different scientific axioms which underlie the different recommendations. Optimal nutrition may be defined in terms of the level of a nutrient required to avoid deficiency, or the amount required to have an effect on biomarkers and functional indicators of nutrient intake, or the level of a nutrient which prevents disease. Functional biomarkers of n−3 PUFA include plasma, platelet and erythrocyte phospholipid-n−3 PUFA levels. Plasma triacylglycerol concentrations represent a functional indicator of n−3 PUFA because n−3 PUFA exert a consistent hypotriacylglycerolaemic effect which is dose-dependent and persistent. In terms of disease status, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the incidence of CHD is inversely associated with consumption of n−3 PUFA. Despite the health benefits of n−3 PUFA, the mean daily intake falls far short of most of the recommendations. Increasing fish intake is the most obvious way to increase n−3 PUFA intake. However, a large percentage (up to 65) of the population do not eat fish. Thus, there is a need for alternative sources of n−3 PUFA, such as functional foods, whose unique fatty acid composition could fortify staple foods thereby promoting optimal levels of n−3 PUFA intake.

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Influence of n‐3 fatty acids on blood lipids in normal subjects

Cited by 52 publications

References 12 publications

Marine oils: metabolic effects and role in human nutrition

Marine oils: metabolic effects and role in human nutrition

Dietary fatty acids and human health

Unsaturated fatty acids

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